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8th grade earth science > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some causes of earthquakes?

A
  1. slipping of a fault
  2. a landslide
  3. eruption of a volcano
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2
Q

Give an example involving the stress force known as tension

A

the force a rock climber exerts on the rope as he rappels down a cliff

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3
Q

subduction would most likely be occurring at a _______ boundary.

A

convergent

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4
Q

What is the major difference between a fault and a joint?

A

faults involve visible movement of rocks but joints do not

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5
Q

most major faults in the United States are found in

A

mountain ranges

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6
Q

a reverse fault is a type of _________ fault

A

dip-slip

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7
Q

What is the name of the longest strike-slip fault in southern California

A

San Andreas Fault

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8
Q

Secondary, smaller earthquakes that result from a major earthquake are called

A

aftershocks

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9
Q

Certain types of seismic waves travel

A
  1. only on the earth’s surface
  2. through the earth, but not the core
  3. through the earth, including the core
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10
Q

Rayleigh waves and Love waves are both examples of

A

surface waves

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11
Q

Which of the following does not belong with the other three?

  1. overthrust
  2. focus
  3. seismic wave
  4. epicenter
A

overthrust

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12
Q

What type of fault do most secular geologist believe could explain how “older” fossils were placed above the “younger” fossils (which would normally be on top)?

A

overthrust

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13
Q

One quake measures 6.0 and another quake measures 7.0 on the Richter scale, How does the second quake’s intensity compare with that of the first?

A

It is about 32 times as intense

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14
Q

Which one of these terms does not belong with the rest?

  1. Modified Mercalli Intensity
  2. moment magnitude
  3. Richter
  4. Rayleigh
A

Rayleigh

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15
Q

An ocean wave caused by an earthquake is called a(n)

A

tsunami

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16
Q

A(n) ____________ is a series of low-frequency shock waves traveling through the earth.

A

earthquake

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17
Q

The type of stress that is most significant in causing earthquakes is ________ stress.

A

shear

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18
Q

A(n) _____________ is a crack in a rock where movement has occurred.

A

fault

19
Q

A special geologist who studies the earth’s movements and the structure of its interior would be called a(n)

A

seismologist

20
Q

At least __________ (a number) seismic stations are needed to pinpoint an earthquake’s epicenter

A

three

21
Q

Be able to label the strike, dip and fault

A

use diagram on page 127

22
Q

Name and describe the movement of tectonic plates at each of the three types of boundaries described in this chapter

A
  1. At divergent boundaries, the plates are moving apart.
  2. At convergent boundaries, they are coming toward each other.
  3. Transform boundaries have plates sliding past each other in opposite directions.
23
Q

What is the difference between a seismometer and a seismograph?

A

A seismometer is the device that detects the seismic movements of the earth. A seismograph includes both the seismometer and a device that records or graphs the seismic movements.

24
Q

Explain how the terms magnitude and intensity relate to an earthquake and its effect on people.

A

An earthquake’s magnitude is the actual power that is released and measured with a seismograph. Its intensity-the amount of damage that results-depends not just on its magnitude but also on how deep the earthquake is, how widespread it is, how close it is to structures, how well they are built, the soil and rock formations affected, and how long the earthquake lasts.

25
Q

Why is it inaccurate to call a tsunami a tidal wave?

A

Tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes or other tectonic activity and are not related in any way to the tides.

26
Q

a transform fault

A

strike-slip

27
Q

the fastest body wave

A

P wave

28
Q

a body wave that cannot travel through Earth’s core

A

S wave

29
Q

the center of earthquake activity

A

focus

30
Q

the point of Earth’s surface above center of earthquake activity

A

epicenter

31
Q

the energy of an earthquake

A

magnitude

32
Q

used to express an earthquake’s magnitude

A

Richter scale

33
Q

True or False

Scientists now have the technology to predict earthquakes and warn people days in advance

A

False

34
Q

True or False

Most earthquakes are too gentle for people to feel

A

True

35
Q

True or False

Modern seismologists believe that faults and earthquakes are caused by tectonic forces

A

True

36
Q

True or False

All types of rock, when under strain, respond in the same way

A

False

37
Q

True or False

Water and certain types of minerals can act as natural lubricants which prevent a fault from becoming locked.

A

True

38
Q

True or False

The last waves to reach distant seismographs are the S waves

A

False

39
Q

True or False

Some earthquakes occur along faults that are not tectonic boundaries

A

True

40
Q

True or False

The Richter scale goes from 1 to 10

A

False

41
Q

True or False

Theoretically, a very intense earthquake could be felt by every person on the earth

A

True

42
Q

Architects have designed buildings that can withstand an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0

A

True

43
Q

What are some ways in which the Analogous Days theory is contradicted by scripture?

A

Refer to Facet pg. 126

44
Q

In relation to earthquakes, your textbook states that “….ground shaking alone seldom causes deaths.” If this is true, then why do so many people die in large earthquakes?

A

refer to pg. 138-139

8th grade earth science (10 decks)

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