Chapter 6 Flashcards
What are some causes of earthquakes?
- slipping of a fault
- a landslide
- eruption of a volcano
Give an example involving the stress force known as tension
the force a rock climber exerts on the rope as he rappels down a cliff
subduction would most likely be occurring at a _______ boundary.
convergent
What is the major difference between a fault and a joint?
faults involve visible movement of rocks but joints do not
most major faults in the United States are found in
mountain ranges
a reverse fault is a type of _________ fault
dip-slip
What is the name of the longest strike-slip fault in southern California
San Andreas Fault
Secondary, smaller earthquakes that result from a major earthquake are called
aftershocks
Certain types of seismic waves travel
- only on the earth’s surface
- through the earth, but not the core
- through the earth, including the core
Rayleigh waves and Love waves are both examples of
surface waves
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
- overthrust
- focus
- seismic wave
- epicenter
overthrust
What type of fault do most secular geologist believe could explain how “older” fossils were placed above the “younger” fossils (which would normally be on top)?
overthrust
One quake measures 6.0 and another quake measures 7.0 on the Richter scale, How does the second quake’s intensity compare with that of the first?
It is about 32 times as intense
Which one of these terms does not belong with the rest?
- Modified Mercalli Intensity
- moment magnitude
- Richter
- Rayleigh
Rayleigh
An ocean wave caused by an earthquake is called a(n)
tsunami
A(n) ____________ is a series of low-frequency shock waves traveling through the earth.
earthquake
The type of stress that is most significant in causing earthquakes is ________ stress.
shear
A(n) _____________ is a crack in a rock where movement has occurred.
fault
A special geologist who studies the earth’s movements and the structure of its interior would be called a(n)
seismologist
At least __________ (a number) seismic stations are needed to pinpoint an earthquake’s epicenter
three
Be able to label the strike, dip and fault
use diagram on page 127
Name and describe the movement of tectonic plates at each of the three types of boundaries described in this chapter
- At divergent boundaries, the plates are moving apart.
- At convergent boundaries, they are coming toward each other.
- Transform boundaries have plates sliding past each other in opposite directions.
What is the difference between a seismometer and a seismograph?
A seismometer is the device that detects the seismic movements of the earth. A seismograph includes both the seismometer and a device that records or graphs the seismic movements.
Explain how the terms magnitude and intensity relate to an earthquake and its effect on people.
An earthquake’s magnitude is the actual power that is released and measured with a seismograph. Its intensity-the amount of damage that results-depends not just on its magnitude but also on how deep the earthquake is, how widespread it is, how close it is to structures, how well they are built, the soil and rock formations affected, and how long the earthquake lasts.
Why is it inaccurate to call a tsunami a tidal wave?
Tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes or other tectonic activity and are not related in any way to the tides.
a transform fault
strike-slip
the fastest body wave
P wave
a body wave that cannot travel through Earth’s core
S wave
the center of earthquake activity
focus
the point of Earth’s surface above center of earthquake activity
epicenter
the energy of an earthquake
magnitude
used to express an earthquake’s magnitude
Richter scale
True or False
Scientists now have the technology to predict earthquakes and warn people days in advance
False
True or False
Most earthquakes are too gentle for people to feel
True
True or False
Modern seismologists believe that faults and earthquakes are caused by tectonic forces
True
True or False
All types of rock, when under strain, respond in the same way
False
True or False
Water and certain types of minerals can act as natural lubricants which prevent a fault from becoming locked.
True
True or False
The last waves to reach distant seismographs are the S waves
False
True or False
Some earthquakes occur along faults that are not tectonic boundaries
True
True or False
The Richter scale goes from 1 to 10
False
True or False
Theoretically, a very intense earthquake could be felt by every person on the earth
True
Architects have designed buildings that can withstand an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0
True
What are some ways in which the Analogous Days theory is contradicted by scripture?
Refer to Facet pg. 126
In relation to earthquakes, your textbook states that “….ground shaking alone seldom causes deaths.” If this is true, then why do so many people die in large earthquakes?
refer to pg. 138-139
