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8th grade earth science > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

The atmosphere was formed by

A

A direct act of God during the Creation week.

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2
Q

Who was called the “father of chemistry”?

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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3
Q

Which of the following is the most significant role for nitrogen in the atmosphere?

  1. dilute oxygen to the appropriate level
  2. react with and neutralize other noxious gases
  3. regulate the temperature
  4. serve as fuel for cellular respiration
A

dilute oxygen to the appropriate level

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4
Q

The most abundant gas in the homosphere is

A

nitrogen

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5
Q

The largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle is found in

A

the atmosphere

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6
Q

Which of these helps to convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable organic form?

  1. auroras
  2. dense clouds
  3. jet streams
  4. lightning
A

lightning

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7
Q

The gas called ozone is composed of

A

oxygen atoms

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8
Q

Nearly every year, a thin spot in the ozone layer develops over

A

Antarctica

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9
Q

Which atmospheric layer directly affects radio communications on Earth?

A

ionosphere

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10
Q

Which of the following layers would be most effective in protecting the earth from a solar flare?

  1. magnetosphere
  2. mesosphere
  3. stratosphere
  4. troposphere
A

magnetosphere

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11
Q

Which of the following weather conditions will result in the earth’s surface absorbing the most heat from the sun?

A

clear and cold with low humidity

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12
Q

The most concentrated form of solar energy at the earth’s surface occurs when

A

the rays come from straight overhead

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13
Q

The earth’s surface warming the air directly above is an example of what kind of energy transfer?

A

conduction

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14
Q

The density currents that cause a mixing of the air are an example of

A

convection

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15
Q

Which of these would not be directly affected by variations of oxygen levels in the atmosphere?

  1. rate of burning
  2. rusting
  3. breathing of humans and animals
  4. greenhouse warming of the earth
A

greenhouse warming of the earth

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16
Q

Excessive exposure to UV rays can cause __________ in humans

A

eye damage
skin cancer
sunburn

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17
Q

Many creationists believe that the atmosphere is part of the ______________, which God created between the waters below and the waters above.

A

firmament

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18
Q

Joseph Priestley, Karl Scheele, and Antoine Lavoisier are credited with the discovery of ____________.

A

oxygen

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19
Q

Aircraft that travel long distances fly in the ____________ to avoid storms and benefit from the jet streams.

A

stratosphere

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20
Q

The coldest temperatures of the atmosphere are found at the top of the ______________

A

mesosphere

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21
Q

The ________________ is a region extending thousands of kilometers into space that includes the Van Allen belts, where charged particles such as protons and electrons have been trapped in two donut-shaped zones around the earth

A

magnetosphere

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22
Q

An example of a greenhouse gas is

A

carbon-dioxide or water-vapor

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23
Q

What is the single most significant difference between the heterosphere and the homosphere?

A

In the heterosphere the gases separate into layers based on their atomic weights, while in the homosphere the gases stay uniformly mixed

24
Q

How can technicians on the ground communicate with the International Space Station if radio waves reflect off the ionosphere?

A

They rely on microwaves, which pass through the ionosphere to communicate

25
Q

What is the relationship between America’s first artificial satellite, Explorer 1, and the Van Allen Belts?

A

James Van Allen used Explorer 1 data on radioactive particles to identify the regions of intense radiation that were later named after him.

26
Q

The envelope of gas surrounding the earth

A

atmosphere

27
Q

the steady temperature change associated with altitude change

A

lapse rate

28
Q

fast winds that travel in paths in the stratosphere

A

jet streams

29
Q

rate of solar energy flow that reaches the earth

A

solar constant

30
Q

indirect warming of the atmosphere

A

greenhouse effect

31
Q

What is the single most significant difference between the heterosphere and the homosphere?

A

In the heterosphere the gases separate into layers based on their atomic weights, while in th ehomosphere the gases stay uniformly mixed.

32
Q

How can technicians on the ground communicated with the International Space Station if radio waves reflect off the ionosphere?

A

They rely on microwaves, which pass through the ionosphere, to communicate

33
Q

What is the relationship between America’s first artificial satellite, Explorer 1, and the Van Allen Belts?

A

James Van Allen used Explorer 1 data on radioactive particles to identify the regions of intense radiation that were later named after him.

34
Q

The envelope of gases surrounding the earth

A

atmosphere

35
Q

the steady temperature change associated with altitude change

A

lapse rate

36
Q

fast winds that travel in paths in the stratosphere

A

jet streams

37
Q

rate of solar energy flow that reaches the earth

A

solar constant

38
Q

indirect warming of the atmosphere

A

greenhouse effect

39
Q

What is the name of the mixture of gases that extends up to 80 km (50 mi)?

A

homosphere

40
Q

Which temperature layers are included in the homosphere?

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere

41
Q

In which temperature layer do most people live?

A

troposphere

42
Q

Name the gases that make up the heterosphere.

A

molecular nitrogen, atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen

43
Q

What gas or gases make up the exosphere?

A

atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen

44
Q

if the ozone layer extends from about 20 km (12 mi) to 50 km (31 mi) above the earth’s surface, in which temperature layer does it fall?

A

stratoshpere

45
Q

The ionosphere extends upward from 75 km (47 mi) to a height of about 500 km (311 mi) which two temperature layers are not contained within the ionosphere?

A

troposphere and stratosphere

46
Q

True or False

Old-earth scientists believe that the early earth had no free oxygen in its atmosphere.

A

True

47
Q

True or False

The atmosphere is not clearly mentioned in the Genesis Creation account.

A

True

48
Q

True or False

The percentages of gases in the homosphere remain relatively constant.

A

True

49
Q

True or False

Since warm air rises, the troposphere is the coolest layer of the atmosphere.

A

False

50
Q

True or False

The troposphere is the only atmospheric layer to have winds

A

False

51
Q

True or False

Ammonia is a compound that contains nitrogen

A

True

52
Q

True or False

Auroras occur when charges particles escape from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere

A

False

53
Q

True or False

Most of the sun’s energy makes it to the earth’s surface

A

False

54
Q

True or False

Infrared rays are a form of thermal radiation

A

True

55
Q

What does the Haber-Bosch process accomplish, and how does it support the Creation Mandate?

A

The Haber-Bosch process converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia fertilizer. The creation of this artificial form of fertilizer has greatly increased farming yields, feeding more people and supporting larger populations than would otherwise be possible. It maximizes the usefulness of the creation and enables us to multiply and fill the earth.

56
Q

How does the atmosphere give evidence for divine design?

A

God has created the atmosphere to provide a proper ratio of gases for all living things for breathing and for protection from harmful rays and particles from space. The ozone layer, for instance, blocks much of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation that can cause health complications for humans and other living things. Accept other valid evidences for atmospheric design.

8th grade earth science (10 decks)

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