Chapter 18 Flashcards
The atmosphere was formed by
A direct act of God during the Creation week.
Who was called the “father of chemistry”?
Antoine Lavoisier
Which of the following is the most significant role for nitrogen in the atmosphere?
- dilute oxygen to the appropriate level
- react with and neutralize other noxious gases
- regulate the temperature
- serve as fuel for cellular respiration
dilute oxygen to the appropriate level
The most abundant gas in the homosphere is
nitrogen
The largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle is found in
the atmosphere
Which of these helps to convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable organic form?
- auroras
- dense clouds
- jet streams
- lightning
lightning
The gas called ozone is composed of
oxygen atoms
Nearly every year, a thin spot in the ozone layer develops over
Antarctica
Which atmospheric layer directly affects radio communications on Earth?
ionosphere
Which of the following layers would be most effective in protecting the earth from a solar flare?
- magnetosphere
- mesosphere
- stratosphere
- troposphere
magnetosphere
Which of the following weather conditions will result in the earth’s surface absorbing the most heat from the sun?
clear and cold with low humidity
The most concentrated form of solar energy at the earth’s surface occurs when
the rays come from straight overhead
The earth’s surface warming the air directly above is an example of what kind of energy transfer?
conduction
The density currents that cause a mixing of the air are an example of
convection
Which of these would not be directly affected by variations of oxygen levels in the atmosphere?
- rate of burning
- rusting
- breathing of humans and animals
- greenhouse warming of the earth
greenhouse warming of the earth
Excessive exposure to UV rays can cause __________ in humans
eye damage
skin cancer
sunburn
Many creationists believe that the atmosphere is part of the ______________, which God created between the waters below and the waters above.
firmament
Joseph Priestley, Karl Scheele, and Antoine Lavoisier are credited with the discovery of ____________.
oxygen
Aircraft that travel long distances fly in the ____________ to avoid storms and benefit from the jet streams.
stratosphere
The coldest temperatures of the atmosphere are found at the top of the ______________
mesosphere
The ________________ is a region extending thousands of kilometers into space that includes the Van Allen belts, where charged particles such as protons and electrons have been trapped in two donut-shaped zones around the earth
magnetosphere
An example of a greenhouse gas is
carbon-dioxide or water-vapor
What is the single most significant difference between the heterosphere and the homosphere?
In the heterosphere the gases separate into layers based on their atomic weights, while in the homosphere the gases stay uniformly mixed
How can technicians on the ground communicate with the International Space Station if radio waves reflect off the ionosphere?
They rely on microwaves, which pass through the ionosphere to communicate
What is the relationship between America’s first artificial satellite, Explorer 1, and the Van Allen Belts?
James Van Allen used Explorer 1 data on radioactive particles to identify the regions of intense radiation that were later named after him.
The envelope of gas surrounding the earth
atmosphere
the steady temperature change associated with altitude change
lapse rate
fast winds that travel in paths in the stratosphere
jet streams
rate of solar energy flow that reaches the earth
solar constant
indirect warming of the atmosphere
greenhouse effect
What is the single most significant difference between the heterosphere and the homosphere?
In the heterosphere the gases separate into layers based on their atomic weights, while in th ehomosphere the gases stay uniformly mixed.
How can technicians on the ground communicated with the International Space Station if radio waves reflect off the ionosphere?
They rely on microwaves, which pass through the ionosphere, to communicate
What is the relationship between America’s first artificial satellite, Explorer 1, and the Van Allen Belts?
James Van Allen used Explorer 1 data on radioactive particles to identify the regions of intense radiation that were later named after him.
The envelope of gases surrounding the earth
atmosphere
the steady temperature change associated with altitude change
lapse rate
fast winds that travel in paths in the stratosphere
jet streams
rate of solar energy flow that reaches the earth
solar constant
indirect warming of the atmosphere
greenhouse effect
What is the name of the mixture of gases that extends up to 80 km (50 mi)?
homosphere
Which temperature layers are included in the homosphere?
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere
In which temperature layer do most people live?
troposphere
Name the gases that make up the heterosphere.
molecular nitrogen, atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen
What gas or gases make up the exosphere?
atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen
if the ozone layer extends from about 20 km (12 mi) to 50 km (31 mi) above the earth’s surface, in which temperature layer does it fall?
stratoshpere
The ionosphere extends upward from 75 km (47 mi) to a height of about 500 km (311 mi) which two temperature layers are not contained within the ionosphere?
troposphere and stratosphere
True or False
Old-earth scientists believe that the early earth had no free oxygen in its atmosphere.
True
True or False
The atmosphere is not clearly mentioned in the Genesis Creation account.
True
True or False
The percentages of gases in the homosphere remain relatively constant.
True
True or False
Since warm air rises, the troposphere is the coolest layer of the atmosphere.
False
True or False
The troposphere is the only atmospheric layer to have winds
False
True or False
Ammonia is a compound that contains nitrogen
True
True or False
Auroras occur when charges particles escape from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere
False
True or False
Most of the sun’s energy makes it to the earth’s surface
False
True or False
Infrared rays are a form of thermal radiation
True
What does the Haber-Bosch process accomplish, and how does it support the Creation Mandate?
The Haber-Bosch process converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia fertilizer. The creation of this artificial form of fertilizer has greatly increased farming yields, feeding more people and supporting larger populations than would otherwise be possible. It maximizes the usefulness of the creation and enables us to multiply and fill the earth.
How does the atmosphere give evidence for divine design?
God has created the atmosphere to provide a proper ratio of gases for all living things for breathing and for protection from harmful rays and particles from space. The ozone layer, for instance, blocks much of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation that can cause health complications for humans and other living things. Accept other valid evidences for atmospheric design.
