Chapter 9 Flashcards
Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were
formal divisions over differences in doctrine
The schism of 1054 between the Eastern and Western churches was caused primarily by disagreements over
the jurisdiction of the western papacy
The sixth-century “plague of Justinian” was
outbreak of bubonic plague during Justinian’s rule
In the seventh century, the Byzantines experienced an economic transformation similar to, though less pronounced than, that of western Europe. This was caused by
the decline of some cities in wealth and population, the replace of a money economy with barter, the dissappearance of the traditional urban class, and beginning rivalry between the power held by famillies and the power of the class-blased office holders
After the seventh century, Byzantine women
were easily confined to home life
What was the most significant architectural contribution of the Byzantine Empire?
Hagia Sophia
Among the Byzantines’ cultural achievements is
the spread of Orthodoc Christianity among the Slavs
In general, which of the following did not occur in western Europe after the decline of Roman authority?
The city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman church.
After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire
fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms
In what area of France did Charles “The Hammer” Martel stop the expansion of the Muslims from Spain?
Tours
The Treaty of Verdun resulted in
the division of the Holy Roman Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons
A significant military threat to western Europe in the late 8th century came from
Viking raiders along the coastal areas
In western Europe, the primary centers for agricultural production were
self-sufficient farming estates known as manors
The end of Anglo-Saxon domination in England came in late 11th century with
invasion of the Norman king William.
Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were
serfs
Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as “feudal” an oversimplification?
The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region
Which area did not endure viking raids?
Constrantinople
As time went on armored knighthood
was limited to those with revenue from land
A fief was
a grant of land exchanged for military service.
Technology to improve military skills in the Middle Ages included
metal weapons, stirrups, chain mail, and heavy horses
Justice at the local level was usually provided by whom?
the lord of the manor
The Bayeaux Tapestry was created by
women
Books within the Catholic church to guide priests about appropriate penance for sin were called
penitentials
A problem within the church was simony, or
buying and selling of religious offices
The term investiture controversy refers to the
struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments
One of the most significant sources of conflict for western Europe between 1000 and 1400 was
a struggle for power between the church and state
A major center of pilgrimage in England was
Canterbury
One of the most important effects of monasticism was
the preservation of literacy and learning, particularly with regard to ancient Latin texts
The reform monastic movement started in France was centered at
Cluny
The Varangians who ruled early Russia were
the Kievan nobility
One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I chose Orthodox Christianity over Islam because
He knew that Islam forbade alcohol
In Kievan Russia, power derived from
trade
During the revival of Western Europe (1000-1200), the population nearly doubled, in part, because of
technological innovations such as a new type of plow and efficient draft harnesses for pulling wagons
The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought
Pope Urban II’s call for the first crusade
