Chapter 1

Question 1

Preliterate societies transmitted their culture by…

Answer 1

stone art, cave paintings, oral tradition, and creation myths

Question 2

What is meant by culture?

Answer 2

learned patterns of expression and action

Question 3

The Neolithic era is associated with…

Answer 3

the rise of agrictulture

Question 4

What is the first recognizable cultural activity of human beings?

Answer 4

toolmaking

Question 5

Most early human activity centered on

Answer 5

gathering food

Question 6

Since the foraging lifestyle was not particularly unpleasant or hard, forager had a great deal of time left for…

Answer 6

socializing, making otols, and creating art

Question 7

The Agricultural Revolutions occurred in which era?

Answer 7

Neolithic

Question 8

Women played a major role in the transition to crop cultivation because?

Answer 8

they were the primary gatherers of wild plant foods

Question 9

The earliest transition to agriculture was…

Answer 9

in the Middle East

Question 10

Swidden agriculture describes…

Answer 10

a practice of shifting cultivation to new fields

Question 11

Rice was first grown in which area?

Answer 11

China

Question 12

the American continents contained very few domesticated animals because

Answer 12

there were few species suitable for domestication

Question 13

The greatest change cause by the grdual adoption of agriculture was

Answer 13

global population increase

Question 14

Pastoralism differed from animal husbandry in that

Answer 14

pastoralists were mobile populations without many material goods

Question 15

Farming was probably a more difficult way of life than foraging because

Answer 15

working harder to clear and cultivate land

Question 16

The religions of farming communities tended to focus on

Answer 16

an earth mother or female deity

Question 17

Recent discoveries of large stones and burial chambers may indicate

Answer 17

ancestor rituals

Question 18

Matrilineal societies were

Answer 18

defined by matrilineal heritage

Question 19

Metalworking in the late Neolithic period was used for

Answer 19

decoration or in ceremonies

Question 20

The term city-state refers to

Answer 20

an urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled

Question 21

In Mesopotamian cities, the temples housed

Answer 21

the cult of the deity or deities

Question 22

In the third millennium BCE, the political ruler in Sumer was

Answer 22

a ‘lugal’

Question 23

What motivated Mesopotamian conquest of far-reaching territories?

Answer 23

the need for vital resources

Question 24

A means of distinguishing slaves in Mesopotamian society was by

Answer 24

a particular hairstyle

Question 25

Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of how many classes?

Answer 25

three classes

Question 26

Women in Mesopotamian society had a lower status than in a hunter-gratherer society because of

Answer 26

the shift of the major role in food provision from women to men

Question 27

Mesopotamian gods were anthropomorphic; that is, they

Answer 27

were humanlike in form and conduct

Question 28

How did Mesopotamians become priests?

Answer 28

inherited their positions form their fathers

Question 29

The most visible part of the temple compound was the

Answer 29

ziggurat

Question 30

The abundance of amulets in Mesopotamia suggests

Answer 30

the belief in the value of magic

Question 31

The Mesopotamian writing system is called

Answer 31

cuneiform

Question 32

The first metal that the Mesopotamians used was

Answer 32

bronze

Question 33

Cuneiform writing was accomplished by

Answer 33

incising written symbols in clay

Question 34

Mesopotamian’s numeric system was unique because it was

Answer 34

base-60

Question 35

The culture that developed in Egypt was unique largely because of

Answer 35

Egypt’s natural isolationa dn essential self-sufficiency

Question 36

Crucial to Egypt’s agriculture was

Answer 36

proximity to the Nile River

Question 37

Which of the following was not among Egypt’s natural resources? [copper, reeds for paper, turquoise and gold, salt]

Answer 37

salt

Question 38

Egyptians viewed the universe as an orderly and beneficient place because

Answer 38

their environment was largely stable and predictable, unlike Mesopotamia’s

Question 39

According to the Egyptian belief, the function assigned by the gods ot the Egyptian kings was to mainting ma’at, or the

Answer 39

divinely authorized order of the universe

Question 40

The pyramids were crucial to Egyptians kings because they ensure their place in the afterlife. The first great pyramid was constructed for

Answer 40

Djoser

Question 41

Egyptian writing was

Answer 41

on papyrus in a cursive script and in hieroglyphics for monuments

Question 42

Egyptian writing were probably first used for

Answer 42

administrative matters

Question 43

Egypt’s external interest were primarily concentrated on

Answer 43

mainting access to valuable raw materials

Question 44

Women in Egypt seemed to have

Answer 44

rights of divorce, rights to property, more status than in Mesopotamia, subordinate status to men

Question 45

Fundamental concepts of Egyptian religion were based on

Answer 45

the vision of a cosmic order that the physical environment of the Nile Valley evoked

Question 46

Egyptian kingship and religion were closely intertwined because it was believed

Answer 46

the pharaoh was the living Horus and son of Re

Question 47

the Egyptian death ritual is complex because of

Answer 47

the belief that death was a journey beset with danger

Question 48

Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all

Answer 48

based on fertile floodplains and river valleys

Question 49

Egyptians’ obssession with the physical condition of the cadaver was because

Answer 49

mummification was a way to preserve the body for the afterlife

Question 50

The two main cities of early Indian civilization are

Answer 50

Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro

Question 51

Which was NOT a technology found in Indian civilization

Answer 51

mummification

Question 52

The Indus valley system of writing

Answer 52

has not been deciphered

Question 53

Metal objects unearthed in the Indus Valley

Answer 53

have been mostly tools and other useful objects

Question 54

In order to discovery more specific information about the social structure of Indus Valley civilizations, what needs to be done?

Answer 54

the writing of the civilization must be deciphered