Chapter 8

Question 1

How did camels affect Arab society?

Answer 1

they aided in control of the caracan trade, there was decreased emphasis on wheeled vehicles by the sixth century, they had sustainability in the deservt environs, they were very strong pack animals

Question 2

The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present day

Answer 2

Iran

Question 3

What did the Sasanid and Byzantine Empires have in common?

Answer 3

central control of imperial finances

Question 4

The Sasanid Empire benefited from its location along the Silk Road. Some of the agricultural goods that it gained were

Answer 4

cotton, sugar, and rice

Question 5

The establishment of Zoroastrianism and Christianity as official faiths in the Byzating and Sasanid Empire set the precedent for what future event?

Answer 5

The rise of Islam as the focus of an empire

Question 6

Religious conflicts in the Byzantine empire resulted in treatment of Nestorian Christians as

Answer 6

heretics, seeking refuge under te Sasanid shah

Question 7

Manichaeism is a faith derived from Zoroastrianism and is founded on the idea that

Answer 7

there is a cosmic struggle between good and evil

Question 8

The Arabs’ involvement in Byzantine and Sasanid conflicts led to

Answer 8

the penetration of christian knowledge into the Arabian peninsla

Question 9

Most subjects of both Byzantine and Sasanid rulers found common identitiy in

Answer 9

religion

Question 10

The traditional occupation on the Arabian peninsula was

Answer 10

trade caravans

Question 11

Mecca is an important city because it

Answer 11

is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka’ba

Question 12

Muhammad conceived Islam after

Answer 12

experiencing revelations

Question 13

Muslim means

Answer 13

one who makes submission

Question 14

Islam means

Answer 14

surrender to the will of God

Question 15

Muhammad’s teachings built upon the beliefs of

Answer 15

Judaism and Christianity

Question 16

Why did Muhammad eave Mecca for Medina (hijra)?

Answer 16

Meccan leaders were threatened by his popularity

Question 17

The unified community that accpeted Islam and believed that Muhammad was the “Messenger of God”was called the

Answer 17

umma

Question 18

After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on a

Answer 18

common religious faith

Question 19

Why was the direction of prayer focused on Mecca?

Answer 19

because that is where Mohammad had his revelations

Question 20

After Muhammad’s death, the Muslim community

Answer 20

chose a caliph, Abu Bakr

Question 21

Muslim religious practice is based on the

Answer 21

Five Pillars

Question 22

Muhammad’s revelations from the angel are compiled in a book called the

Answer 22

Quran

Question 23

The subsequent split of supporters to different caliphs divided the umma into

Answer 23

shi’ites and Sunnis

Question 24

The muslims fought the Battle of the Camel in a dispute over the

Answer 24

Legitimacy of ali as caliph

Question 25

Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history

Answer 25

It marks the beginning of the sect of Shi’ism

Question 26

The found of the Umayyad Caliphate was

Answer 26

Yazid, son of Mu’awiya

Question 27

The first caliphate to begin expansion outside of Arabia was

Answer 27

Umar

Question 28

The capital of the Umayyad caliphate was in

Answer 28

Damascus

Question 29

The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to

Answer 29

growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims who demanded access to political power

Question 30

Why is the Abbasid rule considered a “golden age”?

Answer 30

It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghad

Question 31

Despite the fact tht conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because

Answer 31

the empire had become too big to rule effectively

Question 32

After failing to reform the government and military, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of the

Answer 32

Buyid family of northern Iran

Question 33

Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamid culture becuause of the

Answer 33

blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions

Question 34

Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain

Answer 34

contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers

Question 35

The ulama were

Answer 35

religious scholars

Question 36

Byzantine power was significantly diminished by the Seljuks with

Answer 36

the Battle of Manzikert

Question 37

The foundation fo Isalmic civilization is the Shari’a, or

Answer 37

law

Question 38

The great vision of the Shari’a is an umma with

Answer 38

common moral values, minimzing ehtnic and political divisions

Question 39

What was the leading motivation for unification of the Muslims?

Answer 39

To fight against the Crusaders

Question 40

Sufism was significant in being a

Answer 40

quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training