Chapter 9 Flashcards
the place of contact between bones, between bone and cartilage
joint/articulation
where bones are held together by dense regular (fibrous) connective tissue
No joint cavity
fibrous joint
where bones are joined by cartilage
no joint cavity
cartilaginous joint
fluid filled cavity that separates the cartilage-covered articulating surfaces of the bones
synovial joint
immobile joint
fibrous: suture, gomphosis
cartilaginous: synchondrosis
synarthrosis
slightly mobile joint
fibrous: syndesmosis
cartilaginous: symphysis
amphiarthrosis
freely mobile joint
synovial
diarthrosis
periodontal membranes hold tooth to bony jaw.
fibrous joint
synarthrosis
gomphosis
dense regular connective tissue connects skull bones
synarthrosis
fibrous
suture
dense regular connective tissue fibers between bones
amphiarthrosis
syndesmosis
hyaline cartilage between bones
cartilaginous
synathrosis
synchondrosis
fibrocartilage pad between bones
amphiarthrosis
cartilaginous
symphysis
synovial joints
plane joints, hinge joints, pivot joints (uniaxial) condylar joint, saddle joint (biaxial) ball&soocket (multi axial) Freely movable (diarthrosis)
shafts of the two articulating bones are bound side by side by a broad ligamentous sheet
interosseous membrane
each synovial joint is composed of a double-layered capsule
articular capsule
outer layer of synovial joint
fibrous layer
inner layer of synovial joint
synovial membrane
all articulating surfaces in a synovial joint are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage
articular cartilage
a space that contains a small amount of synovial fluid
joint cavity
a fibrous,saclike structure that contains synovial fluid and is lined by a synovial membrane
bursa
wraps around tendons where there may be excessive friction
tendon sheath
attaches a muscle to a bone, composed of dense regular connective tissue
tendons
provide some protection for the joint
fat pads
simplest synovial articulation and least mobile type of diarthrosis
plane joint
hand
uniaxial joint in which the convex surface of one articulating bone fits into a concave depression on the other bone
hinge joint
humerus and radius
uniaxial joint in which one articulating bone with a roundd surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone
pivot joint
dens on atlas..spine
biaxial joints with an oval, convex surface on one bone that articulates with a concave articular surface on another bone
condylar joints
fingers
convex and concave regions that resemble the shaw of a saddle
saddle joint
hand
multiaxial joints in which the spherical articulating head of one bone fits into the rounded, cup like socket of a second bone
ball and socket
head of femur
two opposing articular surfaces slide past each other in almost any directional the amount of movement is slight
gliding motion
the angle between articulating bones increases or decreases
angular motion
the angle between two bones decreases
flexion
the angle between two bones increases
extension
extension movement continues past the anatomic position
hyperextension
the vertebral column moves (bends) in a lateral direction along a coronal plane
lateral flexion
movement of a bone away from the midline
abduction
the movement of a bone toward the midline
adduction
a continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession; the distal end of the limb and digit moves in a circle
circumduction
a bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis
rotational motion
rotation of the forearm where the palm is turned posteriorly
pronation
rotation of the forearm in which the palm is turned anteriorly
supination
movement of a body part inferiorly
depression
movement of a body part superiorly
elevation
ankle joint movement where the dorsum (superior surface) of the foot is brought closer to the anterior surface of the leg
dorsiflexion
ankle joint movement whereby the sole of the foot is brought toward the posterior surface of the leg
planter flexion
twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole medially or inward
inversion
tiwsting motion of the foot that turns the sole laterally or outward
eversion
anterior movement of a body part from anatomic position
protraction
posterior movement of a body part from anatomic position
retraction
special movement of the thumb across the palm toward the fingers permit grasping and holding an object
opposition
acromial end of clavicle and acromion of scapula
acromioclavicular joint
gleniod cavity of scapula and head of humerus
glenohumeral joint
ligaments connecting scapula and clavicle
acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclaicular ligament, and coracoacromial ligament
muscles of the rotator cuff
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
suscapularis
overstretching or tearing of ligaments around a joint
sprain
inflammation of a joint
arthritis
inflammation of a joint resulting from breakdown of articular cartilage
osteoarthristis
inflammation of joint due to attack on synovial components by immune system
rheumatoid arthristis
