Chapter 15 Flashcards
CNS
brain: meninges, cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem & cerebellum
& spinal cord
PNS
nerve structs, cranial nerves, spinal nerves & plexuses
GRAY matter
most cell bodies and dendrites..
NO MYELIN
White matter
axons
MYELIN (lipid, white, fatty)
Cerebral, neural cortex
thin layer of gray matter that runs outer layer
cerebrium
nucleus
random matter inferior CNS
tracts
bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin and desitination
ganglia
neuron cell bodies in PNS
nerves
bundles of axons in PNS
Structures of brain & brainstem
cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla
Meninges (surface–> deep)
Dura matter, thick and tough layer
arachnoid, still can’t see through groves
pia mater, cannot peel layer away
subarchnoid space
fluid filled space between arachnoid and pia mater
What are the two hemispheres of the cerebrum separated by?
longitudinal fissure
What are the two hemispheres of the cerebrum CONNECTED by
corpus callosum
Gyrus, sulcus, fissure??
Fold
space between
deep sulcus
lateral fissure divides which lobes?
frontal, parietal, & temporal
central sulcus?
between frontal lobe and parietal lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus
divides parietal lobe and occipital lobe
Cerebral lobes?
frontal parietal occipital temporal insular
Cerebral cortex
gray matter in each lobe have specific functions
Frontal lobe functions cortex
MOTOR: coming from CNS and out to the body planning movements, control in motor neurons in spinal cord Cognitive functions: short term memory control of attention planning personality problem solving
Parietal lobe cortex
SENSORY:
touch, temperature, paint
visual info, motion
Occipital lobe cortex
SENSORY:
basic visual stimulation (COLOR CONTRAST SHAPES)
Optic nerve carries info to the occipital lobe first
Temporal lobe cortex
SENSORY: auditory stimulation SMELL olfactory stimulation SOUND some visual stimulation (faces) - object recognition long-term memory
Insula lobe cortex
SENSORY:
taste stimulation
Wernicke’s area
Parietal & temporal lobes
Lanugage processing with BROCAS AREA in frontal lobe to produce spoken language
Math
nucleus
discreet bits of gray matter INSIDE cerebrum
Cerebral nuclei
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus palidus
Cerebral nuclei function MOTOR
“gating” function: go, no go
Motor control: need a “go” from all three nuclei
Parkinson’s and huntingtons: c constantly moving. because abnormalities of one of the nuclei
Cerebral nuceli function COGNiTIVE
OCD: can’t stop doing something
Amygdaloid body
fear emotions
WHITE MATTER
contains communication pathways between gray matter
made up of axons
Diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus (pituitary gland) & pineal gland
Thalamus
takes all sensory info and routes it into the proper location Divided into halves by INTERMEDIATE MASS sound, vision goes to thalamus first Smart relay Stop sending info (wearing underwear)
Hypothalamus
control of endocrine function (HORMONES)
control of drives (thirst, hunger, sex, pleasure)
body temperature
autonomic function (fear, flight, fight vs. rest)
circadian rhythms (sleep)
hypothalamus controls pituitary gland
Brainstem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Midbrain
Motor control system
Cerebral aqueduct
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra
Pons
Reticulat formation: group of cells that control autonomic fxn
BREATHING
Medulla
Olive & Pyramid
Reticular formation of Medulla
cardiac center
vasomotor center (blood vessel diameter)
sneezing, coughing, swallowing, gagging, and vomiting
Cochlear nucleus
Medulla
relays sound info to brain
SOUND
Inferior olivary nucleus
relays body position info to cerebellum
BODY POSITION
vestibularcochlear nerve
SOUND RELAY cochlear nucleus..thalamus..temporal lobe
Cerebellum
Hemispheres
VERMIS connects hemispheres
ARBOR VITAE- white
Cerebellum function
coordinate muscular action
walking
Ventricles
2 lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle
fluid filled spaces
Cerebral spinal fluid CSF
inside fluid & outside fluid
subarachnoid space, goes all in CNS & spinal cord
