Chapter 14: Nervous system Flashcards
Structural breakdown
Central nervous system vs peripheral nervous system
functional breakdown
sensory (incoming signals) vs motor (outgoing signals)
CNS
brain, brainstem, spinal cord
info consolidation/processing
PNS
cranial nerves, attached to brain & brainstem
spinal nerves, attached to spinal cord
carry info to & from CNS (SENSORY VS MOTOR)
Organization of INFO to CNS
[COLLECTING INFO] Somatic or Visceral sensory receptors –> Sensory nervous system –> CNS –> [RESPONDING TO INFO] Motor nervous systtem –> Somatic motor or Autonomic motor
Somatic nervous system
Voluntary. Skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System
Visceral motor. Involuntary. cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, & glands
Sensory (afferent) divison
somatic and visceral fibers
Neurons
generate and carry electrical signals
Glial cells
protect neurons, regulate ionic balance on tissue, immune functions
Neuron structure (5)
dendrites, cell body/soma, axon hillock, axon, & synaptic terminals
dendrites
receiving end of neuron
receives signals from other neurons and from receptors
soma
signal integration and other fxns
axon
signal transmission
passes signal on to other cells by releasing chemical messengers called neurotransmitters
bipolar neuron examples
photoreceptors & olfactory receptors
unipolar neuron examples
hair cells, taste receptors
multiple polar
SKIN, touch receptors, pressure receptors, temperature receptors, & pain receptors
sensory neurons
carry info INTO the CNS
Motor neurons
carry info OUT to effectors
Somotic motor neuron
Lifting weights. Voluntary
Autonomic motor neuron
Cardiac muscle (heart). Smooth muscle (organs). Glands (adrenal) Involuntary
Somatic sensory neurons
gather info from the environment, external body exterior
visceral sensory neurons
gather info from body organs inside body
Astrocyte
(Star cells)
end “feet” BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
divide and form more. surround area of injury.
Know image
Microglial cell
Know image?
Ependymal cell
Know image?
Brain or spinal cord tissue
Oligodendrocyte
wrap myelin around MULTIPLE axons
Schwann cell
wrap myelin around axons of peripheral system neurons
similar to oligodendrocyte
Myelin is lipid rich, wrapped around axons
Wrap myelin around ONE axon
Satellite cells
ionic balance, pH balance of the environment
congregate around the cell bodies of peripheral system neurons
