Chapter 14: Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Structural breakdown

A

Central nervous system vs peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

functional breakdown

A

sensory (incoming signals) vs motor (outgoing signals)

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3
Q

CNS

A

brain, brainstem, spinal cord

info consolidation/processing

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4
Q

PNS

A

cranial nerves, attached to brain & brainstem
spinal nerves, attached to spinal cord
carry info to & from CNS (SENSORY VS MOTOR)

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5
Q

Organization of INFO to CNS

A

[COLLECTING INFO] Somatic or Visceral sensory receptors –> Sensory nervous system –> CNS –> [RESPONDING TO INFO] Motor nervous systtem –> Somatic motor or Autonomic motor

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6
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary. Skeletal muscles

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7
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Visceral motor. Involuntary. cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, & glands

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8
Q

Sensory (afferent) divison

A

somatic and visceral fibers

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9
Q

Neurons

A

generate and carry electrical signals

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10
Q

Glial cells

A

protect neurons, regulate ionic balance on tissue, immune functions

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11
Q

Neuron structure (5)

A

dendrites, cell body/soma, axon hillock, axon, & synaptic terminals

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12
Q

dendrites

A

receiving end of neuron

receives signals from other neurons and from receptors

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13
Q

soma

A

signal integration and other fxns

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14
Q

axon

A

signal transmission

passes signal on to other cells by releasing chemical messengers called neurotransmitters

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15
Q

bipolar neuron examples

A

photoreceptors & olfactory receptors

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16
Q

unipolar neuron examples

A

hair cells, taste receptors

17
Q

multiple polar

A

SKIN, touch receptors, pressure receptors, temperature receptors, & pain receptors

18
Q

sensory neurons

A

carry info INTO the CNS

19
Q

Motor neurons

A

carry info OUT to effectors

20
Q

Somotic motor neuron

A

Lifting weights. Voluntary

21
Q

Autonomic motor neuron

A

Cardiac muscle (heart). Smooth muscle (organs). Glands (adrenal) Involuntary

22
Q

Somatic sensory neurons

A

gather info from the environment, external body exterior

23
Q

visceral sensory neurons

A

gather info from body organs inside body

24
Q

Astrocyte

A

(Star cells)
end “feet” BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
divide and form more. surround area of injury.
Know image

25
Microglial cell
Know image?
26
Ependymal cell
Know image? | Brain or spinal cord tissue
27
Oligodendrocyte
wrap myelin around MULTIPLE axons
28
Schwann cell
wrap myelin around axons of peripheral system neurons similar to oligodendrocyte Myelin is lipid rich, wrapped around axons Wrap myelin around ONE axon
29
Satellite cells
ionic balance, pH balance of the environment | congregate around the cell bodies of peripheral system neurons