Chapter 14: Nervous system

Question 1

Structural breakdown

Answer 1

Central nervous system vs peripheral nervous system

Question 2

functional breakdown

Answer 2

sensory (incoming signals) vs motor (outgoing signals)

Question 3

CNS

Answer 3

brain, brainstem, spinal cord

info consolidation/processing

Question 4

PNS

Answer 4

cranial nerves, attached to brain & brainstem
spinal nerves, attached to spinal cord
carry info to & from CNS (SENSORY VS MOTOR)

Question 5

Organization of INFO to CNS

Answer 5

[COLLECTING INFO] Somatic or Visceral sensory receptors –> Sensory nervous system –> CNS –> [RESPONDING TO INFO] Motor nervous systtem –> Somatic motor or Autonomic motor

Question 6

Somatic nervous system

Answer 6

Voluntary. Skeletal muscles

Question 7

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 7

Visceral motor. Involuntary. cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, & glands

Question 8

Sensory (afferent) divison

Answer 8

somatic and visceral fibers

Question 9

Neurons

Answer 9

generate and carry electrical signals

Question 10

Glial cells

Answer 10

protect neurons, regulate ionic balance on tissue, immune functions

Question 11

Neuron structure (5)

Answer 11

dendrites, cell body/soma, axon hillock, axon, & synaptic terminals

Question 12

dendrites

Answer 12

receiving end of neuron

receives signals from other neurons and from receptors

Question 13

soma

Answer 13

signal integration and other fxns

Question 14

axon

Answer 14

signal transmission

passes signal on to other cells by releasing chemical messengers called neurotransmitters

Question 15

bipolar neuron examples

Answer 15

photoreceptors & olfactory receptors

Question 16

unipolar neuron examples

Answer 16

hair cells, taste receptors

Question 17

multiple polar

Answer 17

SKIN, touch receptors, pressure receptors, temperature receptors, & pain receptors

Question 18

sensory neurons

Answer 18

carry info INTO the CNS

Question 19

Motor neurons

Answer 19

carry info OUT to effectors

Question 20

Somotic motor neuron

Answer 20

Lifting weights. Voluntary

Question 21

Autonomic motor neuron

Answer 21

Cardiac muscle (heart). Smooth muscle (organs). Glands (adrenal) Involuntary

Question 22

Somatic sensory neurons

Answer 22

gather info from the environment, external body exterior

Question 23

visceral sensory neurons

Answer 23

gather info from body organs inside body

Question 24

Astrocyte

Answer 24

(Star cells)
end “feet” BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
divide and form more. surround area of injury.
Know image

Question 25

Microglial cell

Answer 25

Know image?

Question 26

Ependymal cell

Answer 26

Know image?

Brain or spinal cord tissue

Question 27

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 27

wrap myelin around MULTIPLE axons

Question 28

Schwann cell

Answer 28

wrap myelin around axons of peripheral system neurons
similar to oligodendrocyte
Myelin is lipid rich, wrapped around axons
Wrap myelin around ONE axon

Question 29

Satellite cells

Answer 29

ionic balance, pH balance of the environment

congregate around the cell bodies of peripheral system neurons