chapter 9

Question 1

early mistake notion that hereditary info combined like fluids

Answer 1

blending inheritance

Question 2

australian munk who worked with pea plants , cross pollinated,

Answer 2

gregor mendell

Question 3

observable traits of an organism

Answer 3

pheotype

Question 4

actual set of alleles passed by an organism

Answer 4

genotype

Question 5

2 copies of the same allele

Answer 5

homozygous

Question 6

2 different alleles for different versions of the same trait

Answer 6

heterozygous

Question 7

allele that masks the effect of another allele

Answer 7

dominant

Question 8

allele that are masked

Answer 8

recessive

Question 9

presence of at least one dominant allele that determines phenotype

Answer 9

simple dominance

Question 10

cross between individuals that are both heterozygous

Answer 10

monohybrid cross

Question 11

cross between individuals that are both heterozygous

Answer 11

dihybrid cross

Question 12

condition in which both alleles are expressed fully in heterozygous individuals

Answer 12

codominance

Question 13

condition which heterozygous individuals have intermediate phenotype

Answer 13

incomplete dominance

Question 14

interactions between multiple genes determines phenotype also known as polygenic inheritance

Answer 14

epistasis

Question 15

what effects phenotype besides genetic make up?

Answer 15

enviroment

Question 16

colorless outer layer of corn

Answer 16

pericarp

Question 17

layer just inside pericarp, may be colored of corn

Answer 17

aleurone

Question 18

tissue used as nutrient supply for corn embryo

Answer 18

endosperm

Question 19

chart showing relationship and presence of traits

Answer 19

pedigree

Question 20

various disorders that are controlled by single gene effects effect how many people?

Answer 20

1/200

Question 21

result from a dominant allele on an autosomal (non-sex chromosome)

Answer 21

autosomal dominant

Question 22

autosomal dominant: form of dwarfism result of mutant FGFR-3- gene, homozygous dominant individuals die before birth

Answer 22

achondroplasia

Question 23

autosomal dominant: absence of an iris, mostly blind,

Answer 23

aniridia

Question 24

autosomal dominant: result of mutant gene on chromosome 4, symptoms late in life, neurodegenerative disorder, jerk movement, impaired memory, dementia, anxiety depression

Answer 24

huntingtons disease

Question 25

autosomal dominant: mutant gene for connective tissue, individuals are tall and lanky, heart problems, dislocation of retna, osteoarthritis, spinal issues

Answer 25

marfan syndrome

Question 26

autosomal dominant: caused by gene coding for protein subunit , results in abnormal nucleus leading to accumulated DNA damage, premature aging, ONLY the result of a mutation not inherited!

Answer 26

hutchinson-gillford progeria

Question 27

disorders that are only observed in individuals that have two copies of a recessive allele

Answer 27

autosomal recessive

Question 28

autosomal recessive: absence of pigment, skin cancer risk,

Answer 28

albinism

Question 29

autosomal recessive: due to mutant recessive allele of CFTR gene, results in accumulation of thick mucus, normal bacterial infections

Answer 29

cystic fibrosis

Question 30

autosomal recessive: results in nonfunctional liver enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine to tyosine, toxin to the brain,

Answer 30

phenyletonouria (PKU)

Question 31

autosomal recessive: due to recessive allele of HEXA gene, codes for a enzyme that breaks down a particular kind of lysosome, wont break them down, accumulate in nerve cells, results in seizure, blind,def, paralysis, and death by 5

Answer 31

tay-sachs disease

Question 32

heterozygous individuals (Aa) have advantage over dominant (AA) , ofter resistant to other diseases

Answer 32

heterozygous advantage

Question 33

traits encoded by genes on sex chromosomes, specifically the X chromosome

Answer 33

x-linked recessive traits