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biology 101 > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

study of geographical distribution of species

A

biogeography

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2
Q

study of external structure/forms

A

morphology

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3
Q

body part that is reduced in size and function in a particular organism but has a larger size and important function in other organisms

A

vestigial structure

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4
Q

what was the theory that organisms change by their own efforts? who created that theory?

A

outdated theory of evolution, jean baptiste lamarck

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5
Q

inherited characteristics that enhances an organisms fitness

A

adaptation

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6
Q

ability of an organism to reproduce and produce viable offspring that can produce more offspring also a measure of reproductive success

A

fitness

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7
Q

do adaptations have to be just physical adaptations?

A

no

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8
Q

what can adaptations be?

A

morphological (body shape), physiciological, behavioral

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9
Q

change in characteristics of populations, inheritable changes involving DNA, change in allele frequencies in a population between generations

A

evolution

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10
Q

who wrote principles of geology-theory of uniformatity (aka small changes over a long period of time result in huge changes)

A

charles lynell

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11
Q

who said human populations grow at a unstable rate

A

thomas mathess

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12
Q

what are the requirements for evolution by natural selection?

A

population grows a unstable rate, phenotopic variation, some variation is heritable, individuals vary in # of offspring,

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13
Q

rare event—> fossil record will always be incomplete

A

fossilization

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14
Q

T or F? fossils usually form animals with hard bones or hard body parts

A

True

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15
Q

use radioisotopes to determine the age of fossil

A

radiometric dating

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16
Q

what is the half life for c14?

A

5,730 years

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17
Q

average time it takes half of radioisotopes atoms to decay to produce a stable daughter atom

A

half life

18
Q

how old is earth approx?

A

4.6 billion years, earliest life is about 3.8 billion years ago

19
Q

what eon had the most diversification?

A

phanerozoic eon

20
Q

which is the oldest era? also known as “age of trilabites”

A

paleozoic era 542–251 mya

21
Q

middle era? known as “age of reptiles”

A

meisozoic era

22
Q

last era? known as “age of mammals”

A

cenazoic

23
Q

name the eras in order

A

paleozoic, meisozoic, cenazoic

24
Q

period that involved first non-vascular land plants and extension of 60% of marine life (jawless fish)

A

ordovician

25
Q

period that first jawed fish show up, first vascular land plants, and first testimonial food webs

A

silurian period

26
Q

period that formed gandwanaland, coral reefs, and extension of trilobites and jawless fish

A

divonian

27
Q

period where pangea formed, conniferous and reptiles diversify

A

permian

28
Q

period where 90% of marine life and 70% terrestrial lifeis whipped out

A

permian extension

29
Q

period where dinosaurs show up and reptile diversification goes nuts

A

triassic

30
Q

period where pangea breaks up, modern sharks, first bird archeoterchiyx

A

jurrasic

31
Q

period with first dicidious trees and flowering plants and massive extension event where 50% all species killed and 100% of dinosaurs

A

cretacious

32
Q

rock layer contains a huge amount of ____ (in common mediorites ) also known as the K-T boundary

A

iridium anomaly

33
Q

period with first egg laying animals, odd toes ungulates, even toes ungulates, global cooling takes place and ice sheets formed @ poles

A

tertiary

34
Q

current period, multiple glacier events, and early animals(sabor tooth, wooly mammoth, etc)

A

quatenery

35
Q

whales apparently evolved from what?

A

even toed ungulate (ardrodactyls)

36
Q

traits that are similar in two or more organisms due to common ancestory

A

homologous traits

37
Q

what is the criteria to evaluate if it homologous?

A

same structure, same relationship/features, same patterns of development

38
Q

relatively unchanged form of a ancestorial trait

A

primitive traits

39
Q

modified version, shared traits offer evidence of recent common ancestry

A

derived traits

40
Q

trait that is similar between two or more groups of organisms but it does NOT reflect common ancestry often a result of converged evolution

A

analogous characters

41
Q

similar evolution due to similar selective pressures not common ancestry

A

convergent evolutions

42
Q

selective breeding of organisms

A

artificial selection

biology 101 (8 decks)

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