Chapter 9 Flashcards
Define a KMS (Knowledge Management System)
An organised collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to create, store, share and use the organizations knowledge and experience
Explain explicit knowledge
Objective; can be measured and documented in reports, papers and rules
Explain Tacit Knowledge
Hard to measure and document; typically not objective/ formalized
Explain the steps in knowledge creation
- An individual learns directly from another individual tacit knowledge is created from tacit knowledge
- Two pieces of explicit knowledge are combined
- An expert writes a book teaching others, explicit knowledge is created from tacit knowledge
- A person reads the book and eventually becomes an expert themselves, tacit knowledge is created from explicit knowledge
Define mashups
The combining of information from two or more web pages on one web page
Where is the knowledge for a KMS stored?
In a knowledge repository which can be located inside and outside the organization
Mention the process of a KMS
-Creating/ obtaining knowledge
-Storing knowledge
-Sharing knowledge
-Using knowledge
Define Groupware
Software designed to help people work on a common task to collaborate more effectively
It includes tools like:
-Calendars
-Emails
-Document sharing
-Collaboration platforms
Where can groupware be used?
-In businesses
-Academic institutions
-NOP’s
To facilitate communication and collaboration among team members
List the things needed to support a KMS
-Hardware
-Software
-Databases
-Telecommunications
-Internet
Define Collective knowledge
An open-source collaborative framework designed to allow users to share knowledge
What is AI (Artificial intelligence)
The ability of computers to mimic/duplicate functions of the human brain
Define artificial intelligence systems
People, procedures, hardware, software, data and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of intelligence
What are AI applications known to do?
-Make medical diagnoses
-Explore natural resources
-Determine what is wrong with mechanical devices
-Assist in designing and developing other computer systems
Name the characteristics of intelligent behaviour
-Learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from experience
-Handle complex situations
-Solve problems when important information is missing
-Determine what is important
-React quickly and correctly to new situations
-Understand visual images
-Process and manipulate symbols
-Be creative and imaginative
-Use heuristics
What is a perceptive system
A system that approximates the way a person sees, hears and hears objects
List the major branches of AI
-Expert systems
-Robotics
-Natural Language processing
-Learning systems
-Visual systems
-Neural systems
What is a visual system?
The hardware and software that permits computers to capture, store and manipulate visual image
E.g: Biometrics
What is a natural language processing
Processing that allows the computer to understand and react to statements and comments made in a natural language
Define a learning system
A combination of software and hardware that allows the computer to change how it functions/reacts to situations based on the feedback it receives
-It requires feedback on results of actions/decisions and its used to improve the system
Explain Neural networks
A computer system that attempts to simulate the functioning of a human brain
-Capable of retrieving information even if some neural nodes fail
-It quickly modifies stored data as a result of new information
-It discovers relationships and trends in large databases
-It solves complex problems for which all information isn’t present
What other AI applications are available
-Genetic Algorithm
-Intelligent agent/bot
Define Genetic algorithm
An approach to solving large, complex problems in which a number of related operations/models change and evolve until the best one changes
What is Robotics
Mechanical/computer devices that perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are tedious/hazardous for humans
