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History - Russia > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

Social developments to 1914

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1
Q

How had factory workers grown from 1900 to 1913?

A

From two million to six million

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2
Q

How much had the Empire’s urban population grown by in 1917?

A

It had quadrupled from 7 to 28 million

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3
Q

How many people in St.Petersburg were peasants by birth?

A

Three out of four people were peasants by birth in 1914

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4
Q

What were living conditions like for urban workers?

A

Dangerously overcrowded, lacking in adequate sanitation, in barrack-like buildings

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5
Q

How many inhabitants died of cholera in 1908-09?

A

30,000

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6
Q

How were women paid by 1914?

A

Although they made up of 1/3 of the workforce, they earned less than half the average industrial wage

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7
Q

How high was inflation in 1914?

A

40%

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8
Q

What worker’s legislation was introduced in 1895?

A

The prohibition of night-time employment of women and children

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9
Q

What worker’s legislation was introduced in 1912?

A

The introduction of sickness and accident insurance for workers

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10
Q

How did education change from 1905-14?

A

There was an 85% rise in primary school education and the government promoted the development of technical schools

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11
Q

How many children were in full-time education by 1914?

A

55%

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12
Q

Why was political activism rare by 1905?

A

Strike activity was illegal and the Secret Police was efficient

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13
Q

How many worker’s stoppages were there in 1914?

A

3574 stoppages

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14
Q

How many workers were killed in the Lena goldfields strike in 1912?

A

270 were killed and 250 were injured

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15
Q

Why did the Lena goldfields massacre happen?

A

After miner ringleaders were arrested, several thousand miners tried to present petitions

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16
Q

How many peasants took advantage of the Trans-Siberian railways?

A

3.5 million

17
Q

What were the greatest social problems amongst Russian peasantry?

A

High mortality rates, too few doctors, teachers in short supply, around 60% illiteracy

18
Q

Was the Russian nobility severly affected by land redistribution?

A

No, as there was no redistributive taxation nor attacks on landed wealth

19
Q

How did the Russian nobility maintain their influence?

A

They were regularly appointed to provincial governships and had their own noble assembly

20
Q

How did social mobility begin in the middle classes?

A

Some nobles’ sons chose to join the business world and some members of the working class became factory managers

21
Q

What are some examples of ‘new positions’?

A

Managers, statisticians, pharmacists, insurance specialists and civil engineers

22
Q

How much did the number of doctors increase by from 1897 to 1914?

A

From 17,000 to 28,000 between 1897 and 1914

23
Q

What professional political lobbying group was established in 1906?

A

The Association of Industry and Trade

24
Q

How were urban former peasants easy targets for political groups?

A

Alienation from families, loss of former identity, economic and social discontentment

25
Q

What political group supporting female franchise was established in 1908?

A

The First All-Russian Congress of Women, which was attended by 1035 delegates

26
Q

How did government expenditure to education change from 1896 to 1914?

A

From 5 million roubles to 82 million roubles

27
Q

How many newspapers were published weekly by 1914?

A

1767

28
Q

What was the growth of university students from 1860 to 1914?

A

From 5000 to 69,000 students (45% of them being women)

29
Q

What were some Russian writers who openly critiqued the autocratic system?

A

Anton Chekhov - following on from Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky

30
Q

How did the relaxation from 1905 lead to a ‘silver age’?

A

Dominated by poets, Stravinsky’s music, Diaghilev’s ballets, Chagall’s pictures, Malevich’s paintings

31
Q

What year was the tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty?

A

1913

History - Russia (24 decks)

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