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Human Sexuality > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

The sudden, involuntary expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus before it is capable of independent life. Also termed, miscarriage

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2
Q

Zona pellucida

A

A gelatinous layer that surrounds an ovum

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3
Q

hyaluronidase

A

An enzyme that briefly thins the zona pellucida, enabling one sperm to penetrate

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4
Q

Which position should you use to get pregnant?

A

Male Dom

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5
Q

Artificial Insemination:

A

the introduction of sperm into the reproductive tract through means other than intercourse)

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6
Q

Endometriosis

A

An abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue is sloughed off into the abdominal cavity rather than out of the body during menstruation. The condition is characterized by abdominal pain and may cause infertility.

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7
Q

Laparoscopy:

A

A medical procedure in which a long, narrow tube (laparoscope) is inserted through an incision in the naval, permitting the visual inspection of organs in the pelvic cavity

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8
Q

Rubin test:

A

A test in which carbon dioxide gas is blown through the cervix and its progress through the reproductive tract is tracked to determine whether or not the fallopian tubes are blocked

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9
Q

Hysterosalpingogram:

A

A test in which a dye is injected into the reproductive tract and its progress is tracked by X-rays to determine whether or not the fallopian tubes are blocked

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10
Q

In vitro fertilization:

A

A method of conception in which mature ova are surgically removed from an ovary and placed in a laboratory dish along with sperm

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11
Q

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT):

A

A method of conception in which sperm and ova are inserted into a fallopian tube to encourage conception

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12
Q

Zygote intrafallopian transfer(ZIFT):

A

A method of conception in which an ovum is fertilized in a laboratory dish and then placed in a fallopian tube

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13
Q

Donor IVF:

A

A variation of in vitro fertilization in which the ovum is taken from one woman, fertilized, and then injected into the uterus or fallopian tube of another woman

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14
Q

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection:

A

ICSI is sometimes used when the man has too few sperm for IVF, or when IVF fails. A thin (very thin) needle injects a single sperm directly into an ovum

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15
Q

Surrogate mother:

A

A woman who is impregnated through artificial insemination, with the sperm of a prospective father, carries the embryo and fetus to term, and then gives the child to the prospective parents

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16
Q

Human Chorionic gonadotropin:

A

A hormone produced by women shortly after conception, which stimulates the corpus luteum to continue to produce progesterone. The presence of HCG in a woman’s urine indicates that she is pregnant

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17
Q

embryonic stage

A

The stage of prenatal development that lasts from implantation through the eighth week and is characterized by the differentiation of the major organ systems

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18
Q

cephalocaudal

A

From the head downward

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19
Q

Proximodistal

A

From the central axis of the body outward

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20
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outermost cell layer of the newly formed embryo, from which the skin and nervous system develop

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21
Q

neutral tube

A

A hollow area in the blastocyst from which the nervous system will develop

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22
Q

endoderm

A

The inner layer of the newly formed embryo, from which the lungs and digestive system develop

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23
Q

mesoderm

A

The central layer of the embryo from which the bones and muscles develop

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24
Q

GGermial stage

A

b4 implantation

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25
Q

Period of the ovum

A

Germinal stage

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26
Q

Blastocyst

A

A stage within the germinal stage of prenatal development, at which the embryo is a sphere of cells surrounding a cavity of fluid

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27
Q

Embryonic disk

A

The plate like inner part of the blastocyst, which differentiates into the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm of the embryo

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28
Q

trophoblast

A

The outer part of the blastocyst from which the amniotic sac, placenta, and umbilical cord develop

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29
Q

If antibodies for Rh enters the mom’s bloodstream then the newborn might have

A

fetal erythrobastosis

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30
Q

embryonic stage

A

the stage of prenatal development that lasts from implantation through the eighth week and is characterized by the differentiation of the of the major organ systems

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31
Q

Cepalocaudal

A

From the head downward

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32
Q

Proximodistal

A

From the central axis of the body outward

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33
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outermost cell layer of the newly formed embryo, from which the skin and nervous system develop

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34
Q

neutral tube

A

A hollow area in the blastocyst from which the nervous system will develop

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35
Q

Endoderm

A

The inner layer of the newly formed embryo, from which the lungs and digestive system develop

36
Q

mesoderm

A

The central layer of the embryo, from which the boness and muscles develop

37
Q

amniotic sac

A

The protective sac containing the fetus

38
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

Fluid within the amniotic sac that suspends and protects the fetus

39
Q

Placenta

A

An organ connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord. The placenta serves as a relay station between mother and fetus, allowing the exchange of nutrients and wastes

40
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A tube that connects the fetus to the placenta

41
Q

Age of viability

A

The age at which a fetus can sustain independent life

42
Q

Cephalic presentation

A

Emergence of the baby head first from the womb

43
Q

Breech presentation

A

Emergence of the baby bottom or feet first from the womb

44
Q

teratogens

A

Enviornmental influences or agents that can harm an embryo or fetus

45
Q

Critical period of vulnerability

A

A period of time during which an embryo or fetus is vulnerable to the effects of a teratogen

46
Q

Rubella

A

A viral infection that can cause mental retardation and heart disease in an embryo. Also called German measles

47
Q

Syphilis

A

A sexually transmitted bacterial infection

48
Q

Stillbirth

A

The birth of a dead fetus

49
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

A condition caused by HIV that destroys white blood cells in the immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to various “opportunistic” diseases

50
Q

Preeclampsia

A

A life-threatening condition that is characterized by high blood pressure; also known as toxemia

51
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

A pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum becomes implanted some-place other than the uterus

52
Q

Rh incompatibility

A

A condition in which antibodies produced by a pregnant woman are transmitted to the fetus and may cause brain damage or death

53
Q

DES (Diethylstilbestrol)

A

An estrogen that was once given to women at risk for miscarriage to help maintain pregnancy

54
Q

Fetal Alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A
  • A cluster of symptoms caused by maternal drinking, in which the child shows developmental lags and Characteristic facial features such as an underdeveloped upper jaw, flattened nose, and widely spaced eyes
55
Q

Recessive trait

A

A trait that is not expressed when the gene or genes involved have been paired with dominant genes. Recessive traits are transmitted to future generations, however, and are expressed if the are paried with other recessive genes.

56
Q

Amniocentesis

A

A procedure for drawing off and examining fetal cellss in the amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders in the fetus

57
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A severe psychological disorder characterized by problems in thought, language, and perception

58
Q

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A

So-called false labor contractions that are relatively painless

59
Q

prostaglandins

A

Uterine hormones that stimulate uterine contractions

60
Q

oxytocin

A

A pituitary hormone that stimulates uterine contractions

61
Q

efface

A

To become thin

62
Q

dilate

A

To open or widen

63
Q

Transition

A

The process during which the cervix becomes nearly fully dilated and the head of the fetus begins to move into the birth canal

64
Q

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A

So-called false labor contractions that are relatively painless

65
Q

prostaglandins

A

Uterine hormones that stimulate uterine contractions

66
Q

oxytocin

A

A pituitary hormone that stimulates uterine contractions

67
Q

efface

A

To become thin

68
Q

dilate

A

To open or widen

69
Q

transition

A

The process during which the cervix becomes nearly fully dilated and the head of the fetus begins to move into the birth canal

70
Q

episiotomy

A

A surgical incision in the perineum that widens the birth canal, preventing random tearing during childbirth

71
Q

perineum

A

The area between the vulva and the anus

72
Q

general anesthesia

A

The use of of drugs to put people to sleep and eliminate pain, as during childbirth

73
Q

local anesthesia

A

A type of anesthesia that eliminates pain in a specific area of the body, as during childbirth

74
Q

Lamaze method

A

A childbirth method in which women learn about childbirth, learn to relax and to breathe in patterns that conserve energy and lessen pain, and have a coach (usually the father) present at childbirth. Also termed prepared childbirth.

75
Q

Cesarean section

A

A method of Childbirth in which the fetus is delivered through a surgical incision in the abdomen

76
Q

transverse position

A

A crosswise birth position

77
Q

Anoxia

A

Oxygen deprivation

78
Q

Preterm

A

Born before 37 weeks of gestation

79
Q

Surfactant

A

Substances that prevent the walls of the airways from sticking together

80
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome

A

A cluster of breathing problems, including weak and irregular breathing, to which preterm babies are especially vulnerable

81
Q

postpartum

A

following birth

82
Q

postpartum depression

A

Persistent and severe mood changes during the postpartum period, involving feelings of despair and apathy and characterized by changes in appetite and sleep, low self-esteem, and difficulty concentrating

83
Q

Prolactin

A

A pituitary hormone that stimulates production of milk

84
Q

lactation

A

Production of milk by the mammary glands

85
Q

Lochia

A

A reddish vaginal discharge that may persist for a month after delivery

Human Sexuality (12 decks)

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