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Medical term > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anoxia

A

absence without oxygen

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2
Q

aphonia

A

absence of voice

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3
Q

bronchospasm

A

contraction of the smooth muscles of the bronchioles within the lungs

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4
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

repeated pattern of distressed breathing

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5
Q

dysphonia

A

hoarse voice

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6
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

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7
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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8
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing and spitting out blood

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9
Q

hemothorax

A

blood within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

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10
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

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11
Q

hypocapnia

A

carbon dioxide levels are abnormally low

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12
Q

hyperpnea

A

abnormally deep breathing or high rate of breathing

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13
Q

hypopnea

A

abnormally shallow breathing

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14
Q

hypoxemia

A

low levels of oxygen in the blood

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15
Q

hypoxia

A

low levels of oxygen throughout the whole body

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16
Q

laryngospasm

A

closure of the glottis

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17
Q

orthopnea

A

inability to breathe laying down

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18
Q

paroxysm

A

sudden onset of sharp pain

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19
Q

sputum

A

bad cough out the lungs, mucus, pus or blood.

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20
Q

thoracalgia

A

symptom of pain in the chest region

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21
Q

asphyxia

A

inability to breathe

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22
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung, alveoli collapse preventing air from coming in

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23
Q

bronchiectasis

A

abnormal dilation of the bronchi

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24
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

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25
Q

bronchiolitis

A

small air tubes undergo inflammation

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26
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

aggressive cancer arising from cells within the bronchi

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27
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

acute inflammatory disease involving the bronchioles and alveoli

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28
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

progressive disease that makes breathing very difficult

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29
Q

coccidiomycosis

A

fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract

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30
Q

coryza

A

common cold

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31
Q

croup

A

infectious disease, hoarse cough, swelling in the larynx

32
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

excessive mucus production in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, etc.

33
Q

emphysema

A

chronic lung disease, can’t exhale normally

34
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottitis

35
Q

laryngitis

A

acute inflammation of the larynx

36
Q

legionellosis

A

form of pneumonia, caused by bacteria

37
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

38
Q

pertussis

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. whooping cough

39
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of pharynx. sore throat

40
Q

pleural effusion

A

leakage of fluid in the pleural cavity.

41
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleural membranes.

42
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

inflammation of the lungs,

43
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of soft lung tissues, results in fluid in the alveoli

44
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammatory condition of the lungs

45
Q

pneumothorax

A

abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity

46
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid within the lungs in response to injury or infection

47
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blood clot that moves along with the bloodstream

48
Q

pyothorax

A

presence of pus in the pleural cavity

49
Q

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

affects newborns, insufficient surfactant, a oily substance that prevents alveoli from sticking together

50
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane

51
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome

A

severe infection causing respiratory distress, acute lung inflammation, alveolar damage and atelectasis

52
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane, affects nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

53
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

54
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

55
Q

tracheostenosis

A

inflammation leads to narrowing of the trachea

56
Q

tuberculosis

A

inflammation of the lungs by bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis

57
Q

acid-fast bacilli smear

A

test to identify presence of bacteria that react to acid

58
Q

adenoidectomy

A

removal of the tonsils

59
Q

antihistamine

A

a therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamine, treats swollen airways

60
Q

arterial blood gases

A

test to identify levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. ABG

61
Q

aspiration

A

removal of fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction

62
Q

bronchodilation

A

uses bronchodilating agent to relax the smooth muscles of the airways to try and stop bronchial constriction

63
Q

bronchography

A

x-ray of imaging the bronchi. uses highlight

64
Q

bronchoscopy

A

process of seeing the bronchi

65
Q

chest CT scan

A

imaging of the chest by computed tomography

66
Q

chest x-ray

A

image of the thoracic cavity

67
Q

endotracheal

A

insertion of a tube to breathe into the trachea through the nose or mouth

68
Q

expectorant

A

drug that breaks up mucus, cough up the mucus

69
Q

incentive spirometry

A

breathing therapy to promote deeper breathing

70
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a single lobe of a lung

71
Q

nebulizer

A

device used to convert medication into a fog

72
Q

oximetry

A

measurement of oxygen levels in the blood

73
Q

pleurocentesis

A

surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity

74
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

evaluates blood circulation of the lungs

75
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

tests to determine cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through the use of spirometry

Medical term (14 decks)

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