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Medical term > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Albuminuria

A

procedure to examine composition of urine. presence of albumin protein is a sign of abnormal renal filteration

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2
Q

Anuria

A

inability to pass urine , sign of kidney disease

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3
Q

azotemia

A

sign of abnormally high levels of urea and other compounds in the blood

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4
Q

bacteriuria

A

abnormal presence of bacteria in the urine

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5
Q

diuresis

A

temporary excessive discharge of urine

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6
Q

dysuria

A

difficulty or pain experienced during urination. sign of tract disease caused by bacteria

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7
Q

glycosuria

A

abnormal presence of glucose in the urine. sign of endocrine disease like diabetes mellitus

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8
Q

hematuria

A

presence of blood in the urine, sign of urinary system disorder

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9
Q

ketonuria

A

abnormal presence of ketone bodies. sign of metabolic disorder etc

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10
Q

nocturia

A

need to urinate frequently at night. sign of diabetes mellitus

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11
Q

oliguria

A

reduced urination, less than 500 ml within 24 hours. possible sign of kidney disorder to heart failure

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12
Q

polyuria

A

chronic abnormal production of large volumes of urine

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13
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of any protein in the urine

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14
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine, indicates UTI

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15
Q

acute kidney injury

A

rapid-onset disease of the kidneys resulting in a failure to produce urine. acute renal failure

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16
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

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17
Q

cystocele

A

herniation of the urinary bladder

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18
Q

cystolith

A

stone in the urinary bladder. too large to pass through

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19
Q

end-stage kidney disease

A

failure of both kidneys to form urine

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20
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary release of urine

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21
Q

epispadias

A

congenital defect resulting in abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus. dorsal

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22
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

any disease of the glomerulus (ball of specialized capillaries within a kidney nephron)

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23
Q

hydronephrosis

A

if the exit of urine out the kidneys become blocked, urine will back up and cause distension of the renal pelvis

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24
Q

hypospadias

A

change in location of the urinary meatus is ventral. males opens underside and women is within the vagina

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25
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control urination

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26
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney. autoimmune response or allergic reaction

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27
Q

nephroblastoma/ Wilms’ tumor

A

tumor originating from kidney tissue that includes developing embryonic cells

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28
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of one or more stones within a kidney

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29
Q

nephroma

A

general term for a tumor arising from kidney tissue

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30
Q

nephromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys

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31
Q

nephropathy

A

severe kidney condition that leads to end-stage kidney disease

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32
Q

nephroptosis

A

drooping of the kidney. floating kidney

33
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

presence of numerous cysts occupying much of the tissues, replaced by cysts

34
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis, caused by bacterial infection

35
Q

pyelonephritis

A

serious inflammatory condition of one or both kidneys

36
Q

strictures

A

abnormal narrowing pertaining to the kidney

37
Q

uremia

A

excess of urea etc are present in the blood

38
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureters. bacterial infection

39
Q

ureterocele

A

herniated ureter

40
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

presence of one or more stones within a ureter

41
Q

urinary retention

A

abnormal accumulation of urine within the bladder

42
Q

UTI

A

infection of urinary orgams.

43
Q

blood urea nitrogen BUN

A

test that measures urea concentration in a sample of blood

44
Q

creatinine

A

measured in a urine sample, elevated levels may indicate problem within kidney filtration

45
Q

cystectomy

A

removal of the urinary bladder

46
Q

cystolithotomy

A

removal of a stone

47
Q

cystoplasty

A

surgical repair of the urinary bladder

48
Q

cystorrhaphy

A

suturing the urinary bladder

49
Q

cystoscopy

A

procedure of using a modified endoscope to view interior of the urinary bladder

50
Q

cystostomy

A

surgical opening of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder.

51
Q

cystotomy

A

an incision through the urinary bladder wall

52
Q

fulguration

A

surgical procedure that destroys living tissue with an electric current. removes tumors and polyps from the interior wall

53
Q

hemodialysis

A

procedure that pushes a patients blood through permeable membranes within an instrument

54
Q

lithotripsy

A

applies concentrated sound waves to dissolve stones into smaller pieces so they can pass through

55
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney

56
Q

nephrogram

A

x-ray technique producing an image of contract dye

57
Q

nephrolysis

A

abnormal adhesions are removed from a kidney

58
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a kidney

59
Q

nephroscopy

A

visual examination of a kidney’s interior. fiber optic endoscope.

60
Q

nephrosonography

A

ultrasound that provides image of kidney for diagnostic

61
Q

nephrostomy

A

creates an opening through the body wall into a kidney

62
Q

nephrotomogram

A

procedure that images the kidney with sectional x-rays to observe internal details of the kidney

63
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

processes fluids and electrolytes by artificial filtration as cleansing treatment for kidney failure

64
Q

pyelogram

A

x-ray image of the renal pelvis

65
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

incision into the kidney to remove stone

66
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

67
Q

renal transplant

A

replacement of dysfunctional kidney with donor kidney

68
Q

renography

A

injection of radioactive material into kidneys

69
Q

specific gravity

A

measurement of the density of substances in a liquid

70
Q

ureterectomy

A

removal of a ureter

71
Q

ureterostomy

A

surgical creation of an external opening from the ureter to the body surface

72
Q

urethropexy

A

surgical fixation of the urethra, correct stress incontinence

73
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of the urethra

74
Q

urethrostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening through the urethra

75
Q

urinalysis

A

combination of clinical lab tests that are performed on urine specimen

76
Q

urinary catheterization

A

flexible tube inserted to drain fluids

77
Q

urinary endoscopy

A

use of endoscope to observe internal structures of the urinary syst

78
Q

vesicourethral

A

surgery to stabilize the position of the bladder

Medical term (14 decks)

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