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Medical term > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aphasia

A

inability to swallow

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2
Q

ascites

A

a sign of liver disease, a fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen

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3
Q

dyspepsia

A

condition of digestive difficulty

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4
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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5
Q

flatus

A

presence of gas

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6
Q

gastrodynia

A

symptom of stomach pain

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7
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

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8
Q

hematemesis

A

throwing up blood

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9
Q

hepatomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the liver

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10
Q

reflux

A

backward flow of material in the GI system

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11
Q

steatorrhea

A

abnormal levels of fat in the feces

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12
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lip

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13
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder,

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14
Q

choledochitis

A

inflammation of the common bile duct, presence of stones in within

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15
Q

cholelithiasis

A

general condition of stones lodged in the gallbladder or bile ducts

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16
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic progressive liver disease, gradual loss of liver cells and replaced by fat etc.

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17
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

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18
Q

colorectal cancer

A

cancer of the colon and rectum, tumor arise as a polyp

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19
Q

crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract, ulcers, scar tissue formation, thickening

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20
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticular (small pouches), mild bowel discomfort

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21
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

ulcer or erosion in the wall of the duodenum

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22
Q

dysentery

A

acute inflammation of the GI tract caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irritants

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23
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small/large intestine

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24
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus , often caused by acid reflux from the tummy that burns the esophageal lining.

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25
Q

food-borne illness

A

ingestion of food with harmful bacteria can cause diarrhea or vomiting. E-Coli, salmonella

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26
Q

gastrectasis

A

abnormal stretching or dilation, caused by overeating, obstruction of the pyloric opening or hiatal hernia

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27
Q

gastric cancer

A

stomach cancer, aggressive cancer cells lining the tummy

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28
Q

gastric ulcer

A

ulcer or erosion, caused by imbalance between the secretion of protective mucous layer and hydrochloric acid

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29
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the tummy, caused by improper diet, or bacterial infection

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30
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the tummy and small intestine

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31
Q

Gastroesophageal

A

recurring backflow or reflux, of the tummy contents into the esophagus. GERD

32
Q

grastromalacia

A

softening of the tummy wall may occur during advanced stages of tummy cancer or other diseases

33
Q

giardiasis

A

infection by intestinal protozoa, produces symptoms like diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting. contracted by drinking contaminated water

34
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums or gingivae, caused by chronic bacterial activity at the teeth

35
Q

glossitis

A

any disease of the tongue, exposure to allergens

36
Q

hepatitis

A

viral-induced inflammation of the liver

37
Q

malignant hepatoma

A

a tumor arising from the cells within the liver

38
Q

hiatal hernia

A

abnormal protrusion of the cardiac portion of the tummy through the hiatus of the diaphragm to enter the thoracic cavity

39
Q

intussusception

A

small intestine subjects to infolding within another segment

40
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

difficulty absorbing one or more nutrients

41
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas, can be caused by tumor development or bacterial infection

42
Q

parotitis

A

inflammation of the largest salivary glands, the parotid glands, mumps if caused by a virus

43
Q

peptic ulcer

A

an erosion into the inner wall of an organ along the GI tract. forms when the mucus layer becomes eroded

44
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the extensive membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

45
Q

polyposis

A

many polyps in nose, throat, or large intestine. benign growth

46
Q

proctitis

A

inflammation of the anus and usually the rectum

47
Q

proctoptosis

A

drooping of the rectum

48
Q

volvulus

A

severe twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction

49
Q

abdominocentesis

A

surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid

50
Q

antacid

A

agent that reduces acidity of the tummy cavity

51
Q

antiemetic

A

drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex

52
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug that reduces peristalsis activity in the GI tract. arrests muscular spasms involved with diarrhea

53
Q

appendectomy

A

removal of the appendix

54
Q

bariatric surgery

A

procedure treating obesity

55
Q

cathartic

A

agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis of the colon. laxative

56
Q

cheilorrhaphy

A

procedure of suturing the lip

57
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder

58
Q

cholecystogram

A

process of producing an x-ray image of the gallbladder

59
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct

60
Q

colonscopy

A

visual inspection of the colon’s interior. look for early signs of colorectal cancer

61
Q

total colectomy

A

removal of the entire colon

62
Q

colostomy

A

surgical opening of the colon.

63
Q

fecal occult blood test

A

lab test to detect blood in the feces. may indicate crohn’s disease

64
Q

gastrectomy

A

surgical removal or part of the tummy, treats peptic ulcers or obesity

65
Q

gastric lavage

A

cleansing in which the stomach is irrigated. performed after ingestion of a toxic substance

66
Q

gavage

A

process of feeding a patient through a tube inserted into the nose.

67
Q

GI endoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of the GI

68
Q

GI series

A

radiographic substance that highlights the GI tract

69
Q

gingivectomy

A

removal of diseased tissue in the gums, or gingivae

70
Q

glossorrhaphy

A

injury that involves a severe bite through the tongue often requires surgery

71
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

72
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical opening through the abdominal wall and into the ileum. makes a stoma

73
Q

laparotomy

A

surgical procedure that involves an incision through the abdominal wall

74
Q

polypectomy

A

surgical removal of polyps, usually performed during a colonoscopy

75
Q

pyloroplasty

A

surgical repair of the pylorus region of the tummy, repair of pyloric valve

76
Q

vagotomy

A

surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve to reduce gastric juice secretion

Medical term (14 decks)

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