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Medical term > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cephalalgia

A

general term for headache or pain in the region of the head

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2
Q

convulsion

A

series of involuntary muscular spasms caused by uncoordinated excitation of motor neurons, sign for a seizure

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3
Q

hyperesthesia

A

excessive sensitivity to a stimulus (touch, sound, pain)

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4
Q

neuralgia

A

condition of pain in a nerve

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5
Q

neurasthenia

A

generalized experience of body fatigue, most often associated with mental depression

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6
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation of numbness/tingling caused by injury to one or more nerves

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7
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness due to a sudden reduction of blood flow to the brain. fainting.

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8
Q

agnosia

A

loss of ability to interpret sensory info

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9
Q

alzheimer’s disease AD

A

40+ adults, the brain undergoes gradual deterioration resulting in confusion, STML, restlessness, and cognitive losses.

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10
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (lou gehrig’s disease) ALS

A

progressive atrophy loss of muscle caused by hardening of nervous tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord

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11
Q

autism

A

developmental disorder that varies in its severity with the patient

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12
Q

bell’s palsy

A

condition of muscular paralysis, suffers from paralysis of the face muscles on one side due to damage to the 7th cranial nerve

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13
Q

cerebellitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

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14
Q

aneurysm

A

circulatory problem caused by weakened wall of blood vessel causing a bulge in the wall, banger of bursting

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15
Q

cerebral atherosclerosis

A

affects arteries supplying the brain, the vessels gradually close due to accumulation of fatty plaques reducing blow flow to brain

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16
Q

cerebral embolism

A

condition of a stationary blood clot in the artery of the brain

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17
Q

cerebral hemorrhage

A

condition of bleeding vessels associated with the cerebrum

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18
Q

cerebral palsy

A

condition that appears at birth or shortly after as a muscle paralysis, persistent throughout life

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19
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced or cut off, resulting in the irreversible death of brain cells followed by losses of mental function or death

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20
Q

coma

A

general term describing several levels of abnormally decreased consciousness

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21
Q

concussion

A

an injury to soft tissue from a blow or violent shaking. cerebrum undergoes physical damage when it strikes against the inside wall of the cranium

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22
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain, caused by viral infection or bacterial, life threatening esp among young children

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23
Q

encephalomalacia

A

softening of brain tissue, caused by deficient blood flow to the brain, resulting in large scale loss of neurons

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24
Q

glioma

A

neoplasm (tumor) of glial cells

25
Q

hydrocephalus

A

caused by blockage or narrowing of one or more channels inside the brain that transports cerebrospinal fluid between brain ventricles

26
Q

meningioma

A

benign tumor of the meninges (layers of membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord)

27
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges, caused by a bacterial infection

28
Q

meningocele

A

protrusion of the meninges, birth defect in skull or spinal column,

29
Q

multiple sclerosis MS

A

deterioration of the myelin sheath covering axons within the brain, progressive disease

30
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord, bacterial or viral infection spreading from meninges to the spinal cord. if not treated, muscle paralysis or sensory loss

31
Q

narcolepsy

A

sudden uncontrollable episodes of sleep

32
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve. bacterial or viral infection

33
Q

neuroma

A

tumor originating from a neuron, benign

34
Q

neuropathy

A

damage to peripheral nerves due to any cause

35
Q

paraplegia

A

inability to contract muscles

36
Q

parkinsons disease

A

chronic progressive degenerative disease of the brain characterized by tremors, rigidity, shuffling gait

37
Q

poliomyelitis polio

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord, sometimes resulting in paralysis or death

38
Q

ventriculitis

A

condition of inflammation of the ventricles of the brain, caused by a blockage of one of the channels that carry cerebrospinal fluid

39
Q

analgesic

A

pain management like ibuprofen, acetaminophen

40
Q

cerebral angiography

A

diagnostic procedure that reveals blood flow to the brain by x-ray photo

41
Q

computed tomography

A

procedure in involving the use of a computer to interpret a series of x-ray images, 3d view of the brain

42
Q

craniectomy

A

surgical removal of part of the bony cranium

43
Q

craniotomy

A

slightly less major surgery, incision made through the cranium to provide surgical access

44
Q

echoencephalography

A

ultrasound technology is used to record brain structures in the search for abnormalities

45
Q

effectual drug therapy

A

general type of treatment to manage neurological disorders like anti-anxiety

46
Q

electroencephalography

A

diagnostic procedure that records electrical impulses of the brain to measure brain activity

47
Q

evoked potential studies

A

group of diagnostic tests that measure changes in brain waves during particular stimuli to determine brain function

48
Q

ganglionectomy

A

surgical removal of a ganglion

49
Q

MRI

A

used to observe soft tissues of the body

50
Q

myelogram

A

an x-ray photo of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye

51
Q

nuerectomy

A

removal of a nerve

52
Q

neurolysis

A

procedure of separating a nerve by removing unwanted adhesions

53
Q

neuroplasty

A

surgical repair of a nerve

54
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

refers to a procedure involving sutures

55
Q

neurotomy

A

incision into a nerve

56
Q

PET scan

A

radioactive chemical to provide a map of metabolically active cells within the brain

57
Q

radicotomy

A

surgical incision into a nerve root

58
Q

tPA

A

treatment for stroke

59
Q

vagotomy

A

several branches of the vagus nerve are severed to reduce acid secretion into the tummy to prevent recurrence of peptic ulcer or reduce pain from digestive organs

Medical term (14 decks)

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