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medical term > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

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2
Q

pect/o pector/o

A

chest

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3
Q

valvul/o

A

little valve

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4
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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5
Q

ventricul/o

A

little belly, ventricle

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6
Q

sten/o

A

narrow

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7
Q

angina pectoris

A

symptom of insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart

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8
Q

angiospasm

A

abnormal muscular contractions/spasms, of the smooth muscles in the vessel walls

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9
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a blood vessel, causing a reduction of blood flow to the part of the body at the receiving end of the narrowed vessel

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10
Q

arrhythmia

A

loss of normal rhythm

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11
Q

cardiodynia

A

chest pain, CP

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12
Q

cardiogenic

A

refers to a symptom or sign that originates from a condition of the heart

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13
Q

cyanosis

A

a blue tinge is seen in the skin and mucous membranes, caused by oxygen deficiency

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14
Q

palpitation

A

symptom of pounding, racing, or skipping of the heartbeat

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15
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness and posture. fainting.

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16
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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17
Q

isch/o

A

hold back

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18
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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19
Q

aneurysm

A

abnormal bulging of an arterial wall, caused by congenital defect or weakness in the arterial wall

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20
Q

angiocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart and blood vessels, caused by widespread bacterial infection of the blood

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21
Q

angioma

A

tumor arising from a blood vessel, benign clump of endothelium

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22
Q

aortic insufficiency

A

AI (aortic regurgitation), chronic condition of the heart known as congestive heart failure, left valve works harder than right to keep blood out.

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23
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aortic valve, located between left vent and aorta. More serious than AI

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24
Q

aortitis

A

inflammation of the aorta

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25
Q

arteriopathy

A

general term for a disease of an artery

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26
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

artery wall becomes thickened and loses its elasticity, causing reduced blood flow to the tissues

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27
Q

atherosclerosis

A

one or more fatty plaques from along the inner walls of the arteries, thicken within time

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28
Q

congenital heart disease

A

present at birth, centers on a malfunction of the heart, allows blood to move between the two atria because of a small opening in the wall separating them

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29
Q

atrial septal defect

A

reduction of blood flow to the lungs

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30
Q

atriomegaly

A

abnormally large atria, reduces ability to push blood into ventricles

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31
Q

atrioventricular block

A

injury to the atrioventricular node (AV node), caused by a myocardial infarction , cells die because of loss of blood flow

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32
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of the heart activity, S (Sudden) CA. little to no warnings,

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33
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

acute compression of the heart due to accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity

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34
Q

cardiomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the heart, occurs when the heart must work harder to meet oxygen demands

35
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the myocardium, gen term. caused by viral/bacterial infection, stress during pregnancy

36
Q

cardiovalvulitis

A

inflammation of the valves, caused by bacterial infection, leads to deposition of calcium deposits, congenital defects

37
Q

coarctation

A

congenital heart disease affecting aorta

38
Q

cor pulmonale (right vent failure)

A

chronic enlargement and reduced efficiency of the right vent causing backup

39
Q

coronary artery disease

A

disease that afflicts coronary arteries supplying the heart, caused by atherosclerosis

40
Q

coronary occlusion

A

blockage within coronary artery, commonly caused by atherosclerosis

41
Q

embolism

A

blockage that forms when a blood clot or other foreign particle (air or fat) moves through the circulation.

42
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the endocardium (thin membrane lining inside walls) caused by bacterial infection

43
Q

fibrillation

A

rapid contractions of the muscle forming the ventricles or atria. (A-Fib). can lodge blood clots in the brain

44
Q

heart block

A

block or delay of normal electrical conduction of the heart. result of myocardial infarction

45
Q

heart murmur

A

abnormal sound heart during auscultation

46
Q

hemorrhoids

A

presence of dilated or varicose veins in the anal region. pain and itching. caused by too much pressure on the veins

47
Q

ischemia

A

low blood flow to the tissues. caused by occlusion like atherosclerotic plaque

48
Q

myocardial infarction

A

death of a portion of the myocardium. MI. heart attack

49
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the myocardium, often caused by bacterial infection

50
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

congenital condition by an opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta due to failure of the fetal vessel

51
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium, bacterial infection

52
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

53
Q

polyarteritis

A

simultaneous inflammation of many arteries

54
Q

septicemia

A

bacterial infect of the blood stream. widespread and life threatening

55
Q

tetralogy

A

congenital disease, 4 defects associated with the heart.

56
Q

thrombosis

A

presence of blood clots within one or more blood vessels. due to acute myocardial infarction

57
Q

varicosis

A

abnormally dilated vein.

58
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

congenital disease, an opening in the septum separating left and right vents

59
Q

angiography

A

MRI or CT scan images of blood vessels after injection

60
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of a blood vessel, reopens blocked vessels

61
Q

angioscopy

A

use of flexible instrument or endoscope, observes diseased vessel to asses any lesions

62
Q

angiostomy

A

procedure that creates an opening into the vessel

63
Q

angiotomy

A

surgical incision into a vessel

64
Q

aortography

A

MRI, CT, or x-ray image of the aorta

65
Q

arteriography

A

picture of an artery

66
Q

arteriotomy

A

incision into an artery, used to fix artery

67
Q

auscultation

A

listening to internal sounds

68
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

insertion of tube through a vessel leading to the heart

69
Q

cardiac pacemaker

A

battery powered device to help control abnormal heart rhythms

70
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

removing a blood vessel from another part of the body and inserting it into the coronary circulation

71
Q

coronary stent

A

insertion of metallic scaffold to support another bv, compress plaque, or help circulation.

72
Q

doppler sonography

A

ultrasound that evaluates blood flow through vessel, problems in blood flow, or monitor puls from peripheral arteries

73
Q

echocardiology (Stress ECHO)

A

ultrasound that directs sound waves through the heart to observe and evaluate heart functiin

74
Q

electrocardiography

A

electrodes are pasted to the skin and chest to record electrical events of the heart

75
Q

embolectomy

A

removal of a floating clot, or embolus

76
Q

endarterectomy

A

removal of inner lining of an artery to remove fatty plaque, most common used on carotid artery

77
Q

holter monitor

A

portable electrocardiograph used to monitor activity of the heart over 24hr periods

78
Q

nitroglycerin

A

drug commonly used as emergency vasodilator to treat severe angina pectoris or myocardial infarction

79
Q

phlebectomy

A

removal of a vein

80
Q

Positron emission tomography scan (PET)

A

provides blood flow images

81
Q

sphygmomanometry

A

measures arterial blood pressure

82
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

treatments to dissolve unwanted blood clots after surgery or myocardial infarction to prevent emboli

82
Q

treadmill stress test

A

if heart condition suspected, patient will exercise during echo or electrocardiography to examine heart under stress

83
Q

valvuloplasty

A

repair of a heart valve

medical term (14 decks)

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