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Biology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are all the glands in the endocrine system?

A

Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

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2
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers that have specific regulatory effects on certain target cells

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3
Q

Where do hormones travel through?

A

Blood stream

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4
Q

What tissues do hormones affect?

A

Growth, thyroid, and insulin

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5
Q

Cells must have what for a hormone to attach to in order for an effect to be seen?

A

Receptors

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6
Q

Target cells are what?

A

Cells with receptors for that hormone

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7
Q

What are Steroids?

A

Produced in the adrenal cortex and sex glands
Ex: testosterone

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8
Q

What are non steroids?

A

Proteins or related compounds, include all hormones except steroids.
Ex: insulin

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9
Q

Steroid hormones are …

A

Lipid based, Can cross the cell membrane.

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10
Q

Non steroid hormones..

A

CANNOT enter cell since they are acid based.

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11
Q

Negative feedback

A

The most common form of feedback
Endocrine gland over secretes hormone
Tissue becomes too active
Activity causes gland to decrease secretion

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12
Q

Positive feedback

A

Hormone response produces more hormone
ex: labor contractions promoted by oxytocin

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13
Q

Rhythmic pattern

A

Monthly pattern: hormones regulating female reproduction
Daily cycle: hormones from adrenal cortex regulate sleep patterns

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14
Q

Promoted growth of all the body tissues

A

Growth hormone or somatotropin

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15
Q

Stimulates milk production by mammary glands

A

Prolactin

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16
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone

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17
Q

What stimulates adrenal cortex to produce hormones?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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18
Q

Follicle stimulating hormones in females

A

Stimulated green of ovary follicles, to release estrogen

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19
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone for males

A

Stimulate growth of testes and production of sperm

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20
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

Females: causes ovulation
Males: stimulates testosterone secretion in males

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21
Q

Pineal glad produces what?

A

Melatonin

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22
Q

Melatonin helps what?

A

Regulate mood
Sleep wake cycle
Regulates sexual development

23
Q

The pituitary gland is located where

A

In cranium

24
Q

Master gland

A

Releases hormones that affect working of other glands

25
Q

Pituitary gland is CONTROLLED by

A

Hypothalamus

26
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Promotes reabsorption of water in kidney
At high concentration it stimulates the constriction of blood vessels- raise blood vessels

27
Q

Oxytocin

A

Causes contraction in the uterine muscles for labor
Causes ejection of milk from mammary glands

28
Q

Calcitonin

A

Lowers calcium in blood
Promotes storage of excess calcium in bone
Done by osteoblasts

29
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Two small glands on top of kidneys. Each flas has two parts that act separately

30
Q

Medulla

A

Inner

31
Q

Cortex

A

Outer

32
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenaline hormone (fight or flight)
Prepares body for emergency

33
Q

Cortisol

A

Raises level of nutrients in the blood.
Ex: glucose and amino acids

34
Q

Aldosterone

A

Promotes sodium retention in kidneys.
Regulate electrolyte valence
Increase blood volume and pressure

35
Q

Androgens

A

Contributes to growth before puberty

36
Q

Androgens at puberty

A

Stimulate growth of auxiliary and pubic hair

37
Q

Androgens after puberty in females

A

Play important role in sex drive
Converted into estrogen

38
Q

Thymus gland

A

Mass of lymphoid tissue on upper chest superior to heart
Important in development of immunity

39
Q

Insulin

A

Lowers blood sugar level
Promotes liver to take up glucose and make glycogen

40
Q

Glucagon

A

Increase blood sugar level
Liver makes glucose from protein

41
Q

Exocrine glands make?

A

Digestive enzymes

42
Q

Endocrine glands are?

A

Pancreatic islets, specialized pancreas cells that secrete hormones

43
Q

Glucagon is released when

A

Blood glucose is low

44
Q

Insulin is released when

A

Blood glucose is too high

45
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low blood glucose levels

46
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Abnormally high blood glucose levels

47
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Disease of sugar retention

48
Q

Testosterone

A

Formation of male productive organs

49
Q

Estrogen

A

Stimulated growth of sex organs

50
Q

Progesterone

A

Helps regulate female reproductive cycle
Fertilization, implantation, and growth of fetus

51
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

Treat hypothyroid comditions

52
Q

Androgens treat?

A

Healing
Used in tissue building

53
Q

Adrenal steroids treat?

A

Used for relief of inflammation such as asthma or arthritis

54
Q

Epinephrine helps with?

A

Heart muscle
Asthmatic attacks
Acute allergic reactions

Biology (8 decks)

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