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Biology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nervous system helps with what?

A

Maintain Homeostasis

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2
Q

Central nervous system contains

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system contains what

A

Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
Spinal nerves (31 pairs)

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4
Q

What send Signals TO the CNS

A

Sensory divison

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5
Q

What OUTPUTS from the CNS

A

Motor division

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6
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A

Controlled voluntarily
Stimulates skeletal muscles

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7
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

Controlled Involuntary movement
Stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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8
Q

Automic nervous system is divided into what

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

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9
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

Prepares body for emergency
Ex: fight or flight

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10
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest

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11
Q

Nervous system is made up of what 2 cells

A

Neurons and neuroglial cells

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12
Q

What are neurons

A

Conduct impulses
Unique structure
Functional cells

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13
Q

What are neuroglial cells

A

Regulate and protect neurons

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14
Q

What is the main portion of the cell

A

Cell body

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15
Q

Nucleus holds what

A

DNA

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16
Q

What are dendrites

A

Receive signals
Carries impulses TOWARDS the cellbody
Vary in number

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17
Q

What is an axon

A

Only one
Sends signals
Carry impulses AWAY from the cell

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18
Q

What is the axon terminal

A

Axon releases neurotransmitters to affect the next cell

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19
Q

What is myelin sheath

A

Protects and insulates axon

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20
Q

What are neuroglia cells

A

Protect nervous tissue
Supports nervous tissue
AIDS in cell repair
Remove pathogens

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21
Q

Ependymal cella

A

Form barrier between brain and cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles and central canal of spinal cord (controls chemical environment of neurons)

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22
Q

What are astrocytes

A

Pass materials from blood vessels to neurons
Form a blood brain barrier

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23
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Form myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

Microglial cells

A

Small cells
Phagocytosis of unwanted substances in the CNS

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25
Q

Schwann cells

A

Form myelin sheath in the PNS
Insulates and protects axons and conducts impulses faster

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26
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Receptors help detect stimuli
Part of the PNS

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27
Q

Interneurons

A

Gets info from sensory neurons in the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

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28
Q

Motor neurons

A

Gets into from Interneurons
Conduct impulses away from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands

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29
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

One main dendrite, one axon,
Ex: Retina of eye and inner ear

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30
Q

Unipolar neurons

A

One cellular process
One end has receptive surfaces other end has synaptic bulbs

31
Q

Multipolar neurons

A

Several dendrites. ONE axon

32
Q

Electrical impulses

A

From dendrite to cell body, to cell body to axon

33
Q

Negative charge

A

Membrane of the axon Carrie’s a potential electrical charge

34
Q

All or none response

A

The charge always changes the same amount
Strength does not change

35
Q

Depolarization

A

Charge turns positive, axon opens sodium channels, sodium rushes inside it becomes positive

36
Q

Repolarization

A

Neuron returns to a negative charge needs to get rid of positive charge so it lets out potassium when that gets let out it becomes negative again

37
Q

Synapse

A

Junction point for transmitting nerve impulse

38
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Space between the teo

39
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest portion of the brain

40
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Divide into left and right hemispheres

41
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Nerves that connect two halves

42
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer ring of gray matter
Controls thought memory reasoning planning and voluntary movements

43
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Muscle tremors and eventually loose all mobility

44
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Primary motor cortex
Conscious control over skeletal muscles

45
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Planning complex behaviors
Personality and expression

46
Q

Primary somatosensory

A

Touch pain and temperature

47
Q

Opposite side of body

A

Hemisphere controls ?

48
Q

Auditory cortex

A

In the temporal lobes
Receives and interprets impulses from ear

49
Q

Wenickes area

A

Interpret meaning of speech

50
Q

Thalamus

A

Sorts sensory impulses
Directs impulses within cerebral cortex

51
Q

Pineal gland

A

Secretes melatonin

52
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintain homeostasis

53
Q

Endocrine

A

Sends signals to the pituitary gland

54
Q

Midbrain

A

Reflexes involving ears and eyes

55
Q

Pons

A

Respiratory center
Rate and depth of breathing

56
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Breathing
Heart rate
Dilation of blood vessels
Coughing and sneezing

57
Q

Rectificar activating system

A

Sleep and arousal from sleep

58
Q

Alpha waves

A

Relaxation closing eyes

59
Q

Beta waves

A

Active busy or anxious thinking

60
Q

Theta waves

A

Drowsiness and waking up from sleep

61
Q

Delta

A

Sleep

62
Q

Acending tracts

A

Carry sensory information up to the brain

63
Q

Decending tracts

A

Carry motor responses down from the brain

64
Q

Cavada equina

A

Extension of the nerves through the vertebrae past the spinal cord

65
Q

Dorsal root

A

From the spinal nerves it carry’s sensory Information to the spinal cord

66
Q

Ventral root

A

Carries motor info from the spinal cord out to spinal nerves

67
Q

Dura matter

A

Outermost layer

68
Q

Epidural space

A

Surrounds dura matter in spinal

69
Q

Arachronoid matter

A

Middle layer

70
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Under arachnoid layer

71
Q

Pia matter

A

Inner most thin layer

72
Q

Trochlear

A

Motor impulses for moving one eye muscle

73
Q

Trigeminal

A

Sensory info from eye to upper jaw

74
Q

Abducens

A

Motor to move one of the eye muscles

Biology (8 decks)

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