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Biology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Blood is important for what

A

Maintaining homeostasis

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2
Q

Blood brings and Carrie’s what

A

Brings oxygen and nutrients to cell, Carries away waste from cells

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3
Q

Blood is what kind of tissue

A

Connective

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4
Q

Blood is what percent of body weight

A

8%

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5
Q

Blood transports what to cells

A

Nutrients and other substances

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6
Q

What waste does blood filter out

A

Acids and drugs

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7
Q

Blood transports…

A

Hormones

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8
Q

PH regulation is between what

A

7.35 and 7.45

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9
Q

Substances maintain osmotic pressure to regulate?

A

Fluid in tissues

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10
Q

How many liters of blood is in men

A

5-6 liters

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11
Q

How many liters of blood in women

A

4-5 liters

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12
Q

Suspension

A

Cells in a fluid

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13
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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14
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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15
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

Cell fragments

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16
Q

Blood is made up of what

A

55% blood cells
45% cells

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17
Q

Buffy coat layer

A

Located between the two (white blood cells and platelets)

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18
Q

Hematocrit

A

Refers to percentage of volume of blood that is made up of cells

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19
Q

Polyathemia

A

High hemtocrit

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20
Q

Anemia

A

Low hematocrit

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21
Q

Alalmin

A

Most a funding in plasma
Important on maintaining osmotic pressure

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22
Q

Globulins

A

Alpha and beta globulins
Transports lipids and fat solvable vitamins

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23
Q

Gamma globulins

A

Antibodies
Fights infection

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24
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Necessary for blood clotting

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25
Q

Electrolytes

A

Salts like chloride, carbonate, phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

26
Q

Red blood cells are…

A

The most numerous
4.5-5 million per millimeter cubed of blood

27
Q

Red blood cells are destroyed by

A

Liver or spleen

28
Q

Mature cells are…

A

Anuclear
No nucleus
No mitochondria

29
Q

Red blood cells contain

A

Hemoglobin
Binds to oxygen for transport

30
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin with oxygen
Bright red color

31
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin without oxygen
Darker color

32
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Blocks hemoglobins ability to carry oxygen

33
Q

Macrophages

A

In spleen and liver destroy worn out RBC

34
Q

Heme

A

Contains iron which is recycled and billrubin which goes to liver

35
Q

Globin

A

Broken into amino acids and recycled

36
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone from kidney that is released in response to low oxygen levels in blood

37
Q

Producing RBC requires these three things

A

Protein
Vitamins B12 and folic acid to make DNA
iron (to make hemoglobin)

38
Q

Anemia

A

Deficiency of red blood cells or red blood cells with low amount of hemoglobin
Lowers oxygen carrying capacity of blood

39
Q

Hemorrhagic anemia

A

Blood loss

40
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Lack hemoglobin

41
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Abnormal hemoglobin

42
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

RBC lysis

43
Q

Type O blood

A

Given to any ABO type (universal donar)

44
Q

Type AB

A

Blood can receive any ABO type (universal recipient)

45
Q

Rh-positive

A

Blood has antigen

46
Q

Rh negative

A

Blood lacks antigen
Cant give rh positive blood to a rh negative individual

47
Q

Platelets

A

Smallest formed element
Not cells- no nuclei or DNA
fragments released from megakaryocytes

48
Q

Lifespan of platelets

A

10 days

49
Q

Hemostasis

A

The stoppage of bleeding
Prevents blood loss when blood vessel ruptures

50
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Contraction of smooth muscles in blood vessel wall

51
Q

Platelet plug formation

A

Platelets adhere to surface of broken vessel forming plug

52
Q

Blood coagulation

A

Formation of a blood clot
Requires fibrinogen and calcium

53
Q

Serum

A

Plasma without fibrinogen and other clotting factors

54
Q

Neutrophillis

A

Most numerous (58% of WBCs)
Increase in number in response to infection
Do phagocytosis

55
Q

Eosinophils

A

Increase in number of allergic reactions
Help control inflammation

56
Q

Basophils

A

Release histamine
Promotes inflammation dilates blood vessels
Release heparin inhibits blood clotting

57
Q

Lymphocytes

A

2nd most numerous (34% WBCs)
Important in Im unity
May form plasma cells: produce antibodies for immunity

58
Q

Monocytes

A

Largest of WBC
6% total of WBC
can form macrophages, large cells important in disposing of invaders and foreign material

59
Q

Leucopenia

A

Low WBC count less than 5,000
Cause: radiation, shock, and chemotherapy
Also flu fever measles mumps or chicken pox

60
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High WBC over 10,000
Cause: acute infections vigorous exercise great loss of body fluids dress and anesthesia

61
Q

Leukemia

A

Several types of blood cancer
Physiology: uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal or immature wbcs in the bone marrow
Results in fewer normal wbc RBC and platelets
Caused by mutation of white blood cell causing it to divide uncontrollably

Biology (8 decks)

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