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Biology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiovascular system structure

A

Heart, arteries, veins, capalaries, and blood

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2
Q

Oxygen transport

A

From Lungs go cells

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3
Q

Nutrient transport

A

Glucose, amino acids, lipids

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4
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A

From cells to lungs

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5
Q

Metabolic waste transport

A

Urea/uric acid, creatine

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6
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Distribute heat around body
Blood temp 100.4

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7
Q

Heart location

A

Between the lungs
Left of the midline of the body
In mediastinum
Apex pointed towards left

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8
Q

Heart is slightly bigger than what

A

Fist

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9
Q

Pericardium

A

Sac that encloses the heart and reduces friction

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10
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Holds heart in place

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11
Q

Serous membrane

A

2 layers with serous fluid between layers
Reduces friction as heart beats

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12
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium
Symptoms- chest pain dry cough fever and anxiety

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13
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Emergency situation where fluid accumulates in pericardium
Keeps ventricles from filling resulting in low blood volume leading to shock and death

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14
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Provides blood flow to and from the heart and muscles

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15
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply blood to heart muscle
First branches off the aorta
One on each side of the heart (right and left coronary artery)

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16
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

A heart attack
Occurs when blood flow to a section of heart becomes blocked

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17
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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18
Q

Lipids/cholesterol

A

Coat the walls of arteries causing them to harden and narrow

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19
Q

Anginapectoris

A

Chest pain or discomfort
Occurs when an area of your heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen rich blood

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20
Q

Holter monitor

A

Small device used to mesure electrical activity of the heart

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21
Q

Stress test

A

Used to diagnose coronary artery disease
Involves exercising and medication to make your heart work harder

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22
Q

Angiogram

A

Test uses and special x raya to show the inside of your coronary arteries

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23
Q

Cathetor

A

Put into a blood vessel in your upper thigh
Femoral artery

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24
Q

Angioplasty

A

Balloon used to open blockage in a coronary heart artery

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25
Q

Stent

A

Small mesh tube usually placed in the newly widened part of the artery
Holds up the artery and lowers the risk of the artery re narrowing

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26
Q

Coronary bypass surgery

A

Used to improve blood flow to the heart
Healthy artery or vein from another part of the block is connected to the blocked coronary artery

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27
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Right side pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs
Need to get rid of co2 to her oxygen

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28
Q

Systematic circuit

A

Left side pumps oxygenated blood to remainder of body

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29
Q

Arteries

A

Largest vessels
Carry blood away from the heart

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30
Q

Arterides

A

Small subdivision of arteries
Carry blood to capillaries
Resistance vessels

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31
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny thin walled vessels
Allow for exchange between blood and body cells

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32
Q

Venules

A

Small vessels
Receive blood from capillaries transport blood toward heart

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33
Q

Veins

A

Larger vessels
Formed merging venules
Carry blood towards heart

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34
Q

Arteries have more …

A

Smooth muscle tissue
Elastic muscle tissue
Veins have valves to allow one way blood flow

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35
Q

Varicose veins

A

Veins have become enlarged and twisted
Common in legs
Usually superficial veins

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36
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Formation of a blood clot
Clot could dislodge and travel to the lunch which is a pulmonary embolism

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37
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

Found in skeletal and smooth muscle and lunch
Plasma membrane forms continuous tube
Allows for diffusion of water and small solutes

38
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

Have many fenestration’s (pores) greater permeability
Quick exchange of fluids and solutes

39
Q

Sinvsoids

A

Wider capillaries
Large fenestirations and spaces between cells
Allows proteins and sometimes blood cells to pass

40
Q

Precapillary sphincters

A

Smooth muscle at entrance of capillary
May close a capillary

41
Q

Arteriole diameter

A

Can alter the amount of blood flow to different body structures to meet changing demands

42
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Decrease blood flow

43
Q

Vasodilation

A

Increase blood flow

44
Q

Auto regulation

A

Brain and kidney get constant flow even if change in blood pressure

45
Q

Right side of heart

A

Receives blood from body tissue
Pumps low oxygen blood to lungs

46
Q

Left side of heart

A

Receives blood from lungs
Pumps high oxygen blood to body tissues

47
Q

Artria

A

Smaller
Superior portion of the heart
Receive blood from body from veins
Less mascular pectinate muscle located on walls

48
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Closing of a passageway that would let blood flow from right atrium to left atrium before birth

49
Q

Ventricles

A

Large chambers
Lower portion of the heart
Send blood to body cells out arteries

50
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives blood from inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
Sends blood to right ventricle

51
Q

Right ventricle

A

Receives blood from right atrium
Sends blood to lungs out pulmonary trunk

52
Q

Left atrium

A

Received oxygen rich blood from pulmonary veins
Sends blood to left ventricle

53
Q

Left ventricle

A

Received blood from left atrium
Sends blood to body cells out aorta

54
Q

Heart valves

A

Atrioventricular valves

55
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right a v valve
Separates right ventricle from right atrium

56
Q

Mitral valve

A

Left a v valve
Separates left atrium and left ventricle
Prevents blood from flowing through

57
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Guards opening to pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle
Regents blood from flowing from pulmonary trunk back to right ventricle

58
Q

Aortic valve

A

Guards opening to the aorta from the left ventricle

59
Q

First heart sound

A

Lubb
Closing of atrioventricular valve

60
Q

Second heart sound

A

Dupp
Closing of sumilunar valves
(Aortic and pulmonary valves)

61
Q

Murmurs

A

Abnormal heart sounds due to valves not closing completely

62
Q

Echocardiography

A

Uses sound waves to create images of your heart
Size and shape of heart
How well chambers and valves work

63
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle
Lightly striated
Cells have single nucleus
Intercalated disks between cells

64
Q

Sinatrial

A

Initiate heartbeat and pacemaker of the heart
Atria contract

65
Q

Atriovencular

A

Slow electrical signal

66
Q

Atrioventricular bundle and bundle branches

A

Carry signal to bottom of ventricle (apex of heart)

67
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Carey signal back up through ventricle muscles
Ventricles contract

68
Q

P wave

A

Actions of atria

69
Q

QRS wave

A

Contraction of ventricles

70
Q

T wave

A

Resetting of ventricles

71
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slower than normal heart rate
Less than 60 beats per minute

72
Q

Tachycardia

A

Faster than normal heart rate
More than 100 beats per min

73
Q

Fibrillation

A

Uncoordinated beating

74
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Rapid disorganized electrical signals in the atria cause them to contract very fast and irregularly

75
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Very dangerous
ventricles quiver instead of pump normallu

76
Q

Automatic external defibrillator

A

Portable device that automatically diagnose arrhythmias

77
Q

Sound of highest pressure

A

Systolox

78
Q

Sound of lowest pressure

A

Diastolic

79
Q

Normal BP

A

120:80

80
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure
Less than 120/80

81
Q

Stage 1 and 2 hypertension

A

Stage 1: 140-159/90-99
Stage 2: 160 and above/ 100 and above

82
Q

Hypotension low blood pressure

A

Lower than 90/60
Medical concern only if it causes dizziness fainting or shock

83
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute

84
Q

Contractility

A

How hard individual muscle fibers in heart contract

85
Q

Venous return

A

How much blood returned to the ventricles from veins

86
Q

Resistance

A

Caused by friction between blood walls and blood vessels
More resistance if higher blood pressure

87
Q

Hemocrit

A

Percentage of blood made of cells

88
Q

Heart rate

A

Usually around 70bpm

89
Q

Stroke volume

A

Usually around 70-80 ML/beat

90
Q

Heart pumps

A

At rest 5L/min
Exercising 25L/min

91
Q

Hipovolemic shock

A

Result of blood loss

92
Q

Aneurysm

A

Localized blood filled dilation of a blood vessel cause by disease or weakening of the vessel wall

Biology (8 decks)

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