Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is organizational culture?
Set of values, guiding beliefs, understandings shared by members of an organization
What are the 2 levels of culture?
Surface: artifacts you can see, hear, and feel
Underlying assumptions, beliefs, and values
What are the 2 purposes of culture?
Internal integration: organization members develop a collective identity and work together effectively
External adaption: organization meets goals and deals with outsiders
What are the 4 observable aspects of culture?
Rites, Stories, Symbols, Language
What are the 4 Rites?
Passage: training -> new roles
Enhancement: awards -> increase status
Renewal: development activities -> improve
Integration: holiday party -> bind together
What are the dimensions of culture?
Flexibility - Stability
Internal Focus- External Focus
Explain the dimensions and characteristics of: Adaptability culture
Flexible and external focus
innovation, risks, creativity
encourages entrepreneurial values, beliefs
Explain the dimensions and characteristics of: Mission culture
stable and external
emphasis on a clear vision or organizational purpose and specific goals
focus on sales, growth, market share
Explain the dimensions and characteristics of: Clan culture
internal and flexible
primarily focuses on involvement and participation of organization members
Explain the dimensions and characteristics of: Bureaucratic culture
internal and stable
symbols, heroes, ceremonies, tradition
high level of consistency, conformity and collaboration amongst organization members
succeeds by being highly integrated and efficient
What are the 3 values of strong adaptive culture?
- Whole is more important than the part
- Equality and trust
- Risk taking, changing, improvement
What are ethics?
code of moral principles and values than govern behaviour with respect to write and wrong
What are the 4 sources of individual ethical principles?
- history
- society
- local environment
- individual ethics
What is corporate social responsibility?
management’s obligation to make choices and take action so that the organization contributes to welfare and interest of all stakeholders
What is ethical dilemma?
concerning right and wrong in which values are in conflict
What are the 4 sources of ethical values in an organization?
Personal ethics: beliefs, values, moral development, ethical framework
Organizational system: policies, explicit code
Organizational culture: integrate into the culture
External Stakeholders: consider impacts on them
3 aspects of ethical framework
Utilitarian principle: greatest benefit for most people
Personal liberty: great possible freedom of choice and liberty
Distributive justice: promote equity and fairness
How can leaders shape culture and ethics?
value based leadership formal structures and systems -> ethics committee, cheif ethics officer, ethics hotlines disclosure mechanism -> whistle blowers code of ethics training programs
What are the 4 responses to unfavourable/unethical conditions
neglect: reduce work efforts
exit: leave organization / area of conflict
voice: active effort for change
loyalty: wait for conditions to improve
