Chapter 9

Question 1

What is organizational culture?

Answer 1

Set of values, guiding beliefs, understandings shared by members of an organization

Question 2

What are the 2 levels of culture?

Answer 2

Surface: artifacts you can see, hear, and feel

Underlying assumptions, beliefs, and values

Question 3

What are the 2 purposes of culture?

Answer 3

Internal integration: organization members develop a collective identity and work together effectively

External adaption: organization meets goals and deals with outsiders

Question 4

What are the 4 observable aspects of culture?

Answer 4

Rites, Stories, Symbols, Language

Question 5

What are the 4 Rites?

Answer 5

Passage: training -> new roles
Enhancement: awards -> increase status
Renewal: development activities -> improve
Integration: holiday party -> bind together

Question 6

What are the dimensions of culture?

Answer 6

Flexibility - Stability

Internal Focus- External Focus

Question 7

Explain the dimensions and characteristics of: Adaptability culture

Answer 7

Flexible and external focus
innovation, risks, creativity
encourages entrepreneurial values, beliefs

Question 8

Explain the dimensions and characteristics of: Mission culture

Answer 8

stable and external
emphasis on a clear vision or organizational purpose and specific goals
focus on sales, growth, market share

Question 9

Explain the dimensions and characteristics of: Clan culture

Answer 9

internal and flexible

primarily focuses on involvement and participation of organization members

Question 10

Explain the dimensions and characteristics of: Bureaucratic culture

Answer 10

internal and stable
symbols, heroes, ceremonies, tradition
high level of consistency, conformity and collaboration amongst organization members
succeeds by being highly integrated and efficient

Question 11

What are the 3 values of strong adaptive culture?

Answer 11

1. Whole is more important than the part
2. Equality and trust
3. Risk taking, changing, improvement

Question 12

What are ethics?

Answer 12

code of moral principles and values than govern behaviour with respect to write and wrong

Question 13

What are the 4 sources of individual ethical principles?

Answer 13

1. history
2. society
3. local environment
4. individual ethics

Question 14

What is corporate social responsibility?

Answer 14

management’s obligation to make choices and take action so that the organization contributes to welfare and interest of all stakeholders

Question 15

What is ethical dilemma?

Answer 15

concerning right and wrong in which values are in conflict

Question 16

What are the 4 sources of ethical values in an organization?

Answer 16

Personal ethics: beliefs, values, moral development, ethical framework
Organizational system: policies, explicit code
Organizational culture: integrate into the culture
External Stakeholders: consider impacts on them

Question 17

3 aspects of ethical framework

Answer 17

Utilitarian principle: greatest benefit for most people
Personal liberty: great possible freedom of choice and liberty
Distributive justice: promote equity and fairness

Question 18

How can leaders shape culture and ethics?

Answer 18

value based leadership
formal structures and systems -> ethics committee, cheif ethics officer, ethics hotlines
disclosure mechanism -> whistle blowers
code of ethics
training programs

Question 19

What are the 4 responses to unfavourable/unethical conditions

Answer 19

neglect: reduce work efforts
exit: leave organization / area of conflict
voice: active effort for change
loyalty: wait for conditions to improve