Chapter 9 & 11 (US history)

Question 1

Panic of 1837

Answer 1

economic crisis which arose from excess speculation in land, widely available credit, cheap land prices and absence of monetary regulation

Question 2

know-nothing party

Answer 2

political party which emerged in the 1820s and promoted white, Protestant, non-immigrant American candidates and policies

Question 3

Eaton (Petticoat) Affair

Answer 3

ongoing conflict which demonstrated the power of Washington society to influence political decisions in the US

Question 4

Bank War (1832-1833)

Answer 4

ongoing conflict led by President Jackson to dismantle the 2BUS; led to destabilization of the US economy

Question 5

Democrat

Answer 5

political party led by Andrew Jackson; promoted states’ sovereignty, territorial expansion and limited federal involvement

Question 6

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Answer 6

agreement by which slavery was limited to the southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase lands

Question 7

Specie Circular (1836)

Answer 7

federal policy which required that all de3bts owed to the US government be paid in gold

Question 8

Tallmadge Amendment

Answer 8

proposed legislation which would admit Missouri as a state but which prohibited bringing in more slaves and providing for eventual freedom for children of slaves

Question 9

sectionalism

Answer 9

political practice of passing legislation which would favor one region of the nation over another

Question 10

Nullification Crisis (1832)

Answer 10

ongoing event in which South Carolina refused to comply with federal legislation and threatened secession

Question 11

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

Answer 11

treaty between the US and Spain that ceded Florida to the US and defined the border between the US and Mexico

Question 12

John C. Calhoun

Answer 12

senator of South Carolina who advocated for states’ rights, limited government, and nullification

Question 13

corrupt bargain

Answer 13

Henry Clay advocated for J. Q. Adams for president, who then chose him as Secretary of State

Question 14

Force Act (1833)

Answer 14

gave the president (Jackson) authority to use the military to enforce the tariff

Question 15

nativism

Answer 15

policy of protecting those who were born in the US over immigrants

Question 16

Old Hickory

Answer 16

nickname for Andrew Jackson

Question 17

Second Bank of the US

Answer 17

A national bank chartered by Congress in 1816 with extensive regulatory powers over currency and credit; modeled after Hamilton’s original bank and fixing Revolutionary War debt

Question 18

South Carolina Exposition & Protest

Answer 18

Written in 1828 by Vice President Calhoun of S. Carolina to protest the “Tariff of Abominations”; introduced concept of state interposition & became the basis for S. Carolina’s Nullification Doctrine of 1833.

Question 19

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 19

1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state’s rights.

Question 20

anti-literacy laws

Answer 20

state and local legislation which prohibited teaching enslaved persons to read

Question 21

Caribbean Islands

Answer 21

the general location of Great Britain’s source of cotton prior to the late 18th century

Question 22

cotton gin

Answer 22

machine designed to remove cotton fibers from cottoning seeds

Question 23

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Answer 23

act from Andrew Jackson that forced Native Americans to leave their territory and live west of the Mississippi River

Question 24

Petit Gulf Cotton

Answer 24

sturdy, short-staple cotton grown in a variety of climates in the US

Question 25

rebellion

Answer 25

this situation was among the greatest fears felt by Southern whites prior to the American Civil War

Question 26

Sea Island Cotton

Answer 26

luxurious, long-staple cotton grown in coastal South Carolina, Georgia and Florida

Question 27

sugarcane

Answer 27

the second crop cultivated in the South (Louisiana) which could be sold on the international market in the mid-19th century

Question 28

tobacco

Answer 28

one of two dominant Southern crops in the 17th and 18th centuries; quickly drained soil of nutrients

Question 29

Nat Turner

Answer 29

slave who, claiming to be inspired by God, led a rebellion against white slave owners in 1931