Unit 14 AP Psych

Question 1

attribution theory

Answer 1

explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Question 2

fundamental attribution error

Answer 2

overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations

Question 3

self-serving bias

Answer 3

seeing successes with an internal locus of control and failures with an external locus of control

Question 4

peripheral route persuation

Answer 4

people influenced by incidental cues

Question 5

central route persuasion

Answer 5

influence people’s thoughts and opinions through central logic

Question 6

Zimbardo

Answer 6

prison experiment

Question 7

Festinger

Answer 7

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 8

Asch

Answer 8

conformity experiments

Question 9

normative social influence

Answer 9

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Question 10

informative social influence

Answer 10

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others; opinions about reality

desire to be right & conform to others who seem to have more informed opinions

Question 11

Milgrim

Answer 11

obedience experiment (electric shocks)

Question 12

social facilitation

Answer 12

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 13

social loafing

Answer 13

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Question 14

deindividuation

Answer 14

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Question 15

group polarization

Answer 15

enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Question 16

groupthink

Answer 16

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 17

social control

Answer 17

power of the situation

Question 18

personal control

Answer 18

power of the individual

Question 19

scapegoat theory

Answer 19

prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 20

other-race effect

Answer 20

tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

Question 21

3 levels of biology involved in aggression

Answer 21

genetic, neural, biochemical

Question 22

frustration-aggression principle

Answer 22

principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression

Question 23

social scripts

Answer 23

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

Question 24

social exchange theory

Answer 24

social behavior is an exchange process, aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 25

social traps

Answer 25

conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 26

superordinate goals

Answer 26

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Question 27

GRIT strategy

Answer 27

Graduated & Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction
-strategy designed to decrease international tensions