Chapter 9

Question 1

Mitotic (M) Phase

Answer 1

Mitosis distributes the daughter chromosomes to daughter nuclei, and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm, producing two daughter cells. Usually the shortest part of the cell cycle.

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

Accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle. Has 3 phases: G1 phase (“first gap”), S phase (“synthesis”), and the G2 phase (“second gap”).

Question 3

G1 phase

Answer 3

Cell grows.

Question 4

S phase

Answer 4

Chromosomes are duplicated.

Question 5

G2 phase

Answer 5

Cell grows more as it prepares for cell division.

Question 6

Prophase

Answer 6

First phase of mitosis. Chromosomes start to condense, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears.

Question 7

Prometaphase

Answer 7

Chromosomes become more condensed, the nuclear envelope breaks down releasing the chromosomes, the mitotic spindle grows more and starts to capture chromosomes.

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

The spindle has captured all the chromosomes and lined them up at the middle of the cell, ready to divide.

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

The sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

The cell starts to re-establish its normal structures as cytokinesis (division of the cell contents) takes place.

Question 11

Mitotic Spindle

Answer 11

Consists of fibers made of microtubules and associated proteins. Organizes the chromosomes and moves them around during mitosis.

Question 12

Centrosome

Answer 12

A subcellular region containing material

that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell’s microtubules.

Question 13

Kinetochore

Answer 13

A patch of protein found on the centromere of each sister chromatid.

Question 14

Centromere

Answer 14

The regions of DNA where the sister chromatids are most tightly connected.

Question 15

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 15

A shallow groove in the cell surface near the

old metaphase plate. The first sign of cleavage.

Question 16

Cleavage

Answer 16

The process by which cytokinesis occurs.

Question 17

Cell Plate

Answer 17

A structure that forms down the middle of a plant cell, splitting it into two daughter cells separated by a new wall.

Question 18

Binary Fission

Answer 18

The process by which prokaryotes undergo a type of reproduction in which the cell grows to roughly double its size and then divides to form two cells.

Question 19

Chromatids

Answer 19

Two identical halves of a replicated chromosome.