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BIO 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Reductionism

A

An approach that reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.

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2
Q

Emergent Properties

A

Properties that emerge due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.

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3
Q

Systems Biology

A

The exploration of the network of interactions that underlie the emergent properties of a system.

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4
Q

Levels of Biological Organization

A

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organ, Tissue, Cells, Organelles, Molecule

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5
Q

Species

A

A group whose members can only reproduce with other members of the group.

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6
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

Contain membrane-enclosed organelles, including a DNA containing nucleus.

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7
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

Found in bacteria and archaea. Lack a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles. Generally smaller than Eukaryotic cells.

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8
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

Genetic material contained within chromosomes. Made up of two long chains, called strands, arranged in a double helix.

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9
Q

Genes

A

Sections of the DNA molecule.

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10
Q

Nucleotides

A

Chemical building blocks making up the chains of DNA. Abbreviated A, T, C, and G. Specific sequences of these four nucleotides encode the information in genes.

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11
Q

Gene Expression

A

The process by which the information in a gene directs the production of a cellular product.

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12
Q

Genome

A

The entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits.

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13
Q

Genomics

A

Studying whole sets of genes in one or more species.

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14
Q

Proteomics

A

The study of sets of proteins and their properties.

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15
Q

Proteome

A

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism.

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16
Q

Bioinformatics

A

The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze huge volumes of data.

17
Q

Climate Change

A

A directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more (as opposed to short-term changes in the weather).

18
Q

Extinction

A

The permanent loss of a species.

19
Q

Evolution

A

A process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time.

20
Q

Domains

A

Three higher levels of classification of life. Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.

21
Q

Bacteria

A

Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes.

22
Q

Eukarya

A

All organisms composed of eukaryotic cells.

23
Q

3 Kingdoms of Eukarya

A

Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

24
Q

Natural Selection

A

The mechanism of evolutionary adaptation by which the environment “selects” for the propagation of certain traits among naturally occurring variant traits in the population.

25
Q

Hypothesis

A

An explanation, based on observation and assumptions, which leads to a testable prediction.

26
Q

Experiment

A

A scientific test, often carried out under controlled conditions.

27
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Drawing conclusions from observations and data.

28
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Extrapolating from general premises to specific results we should expect if the premises are true. “If… then”.

29
Q

Theory

A

Broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, supported by a large body of evidence.

30
Q

Technology

A

A method or device that applies scientific knowledge.

31
Q

Controlled Experiment

A

Compares an experimental group with a control group.

32
Q

Variable

A

A feature or quantity that varies in an experiment.

33
Q

Independent Variable

A

The factor manipulated by experimenters.

34
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The factor being measured that is predicted to be affected by the independent variable.

BIO 101 (20 decks)

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