Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 101 > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organelles

A

The membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Light microscope (LM)

A

Visible light is passed through the specimen and then through the glass lenses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electron microscope (EM)

A

Focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen onto its surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A

Focuses a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, producing images that look three-dimensional.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

A

Focuses a beam of electrons through a specimen. Mainly used to study the internal structure of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell

A

The simplest collection of matter that can be alive. All organisms are made of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

No nucleus, DNA in an unbounded region called the nucleoid, no membrane enclosed organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Most of the DNA is in the nucleus, has membrane enclosed organelles. Generally larger than prokaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Plasma which contains the organelles. Found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plasma membrane

A

A selective barrier that allows oxygen and nutrients to enter the cell. Is a double layer of phospholipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelles which use the information from the DNA to make proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains most of the cells genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nuclear Lamina

A

Maintains the shape of nucleus, composed of protein filaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chromosomes

A

Discrete units of DNA. Each is one long DNA molecule associated with proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chromatin

A

The DNA and proteins of chromosomes together. Condenses to form chromosomes as a cell prepares to divide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nucleolus

A

Located within the nucleus, site of RNA synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Carry out protein synthesis in the cytosol (free ribosomes) and on the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Components of the Endomembrane System

A

Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

Two distinct regions of ER, smooth ER lacks ribosomes, rough ER surface has ribosomes.

21
Q

Functions of smooth ER

A

synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, stores calcium ions

22
Q

Functions of rough ER

A

bound proteins secrete glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles, manufactures membrane for the cell

23
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates.

24
Q

Transport Vesicles

A

Proteins surrounded by membranes.

25
Q

Functions of the Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles.

26
Q

Lysosome

A

A membranous sac of enzymes that can digest macromolecules.

27
Q

Phagocytis

A

Process by which some types of cells can engulf another cell forming a food vacuole. A lysosome fuses with the food vacuole and its enzymes digest the molecules.

28
Q

Autophagy

A

A process by which lysosomes also use enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules.

29
Q

Vacuoles

A

Large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

30
Q

Food Vacuoles

A

Are formed by phagocytis.

31
Q

Contractile Vacuoles

A

Found in many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells.

32
Q

Central Vacuoles

A

Found in many mature plant cells, serve as a repository for inorganic ions, including potassium and chloride.

33
Q

Mitochondria

A

The sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP.

34
Q

Chloroplasts

A

The sites of photosynthesis, found in plants and algae.

35
Q

Endosymbiont Theory

A

An early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic cell. They merged into a single organism. One of these cells may have then taken in a photosynthetic prokaryote becoming the ancestor of plant cells.

36
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm. Organizes the cell’s structures and activities.

37
Q

Components of the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments

38
Q

Microtubules

A

Thickest components of the cytoskeleton.

39
Q

Microfilaments

A

Thinnest components of the cytoskeleton. Bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell.

40
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Fibers with diameters in a middle range. Reinforce cell shape and fix organelles in place.

41
Q

Functions of Microtubules

A

Shape and support the cell, guide movement of organelles, separate chromosomes during cell division.

42
Q

Centrosome

A

Where microtubules grow out of near the nucleus in animal cells. Organizes the microtubules.

43
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A

Microtubule-containing extensions projecting from some cells.

44
Q

Cell Wall

A

Extracellular structure found in plant cells. Protects the cell, maintains its shape and prevents excessive water uptake.

45
Q

Layers of the cell wall

A

Primary cell wall (relatively thin and flexible), Middle lamela (thin layer between primary walls of adjacent cells), Secondary cell wall (between cell membrane and primary cell wall).

46
Q

4 types of intercellular junctions

A

Plasmodesmata, tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

47
Q

Cell junctions

A

Facilitate neighboring cells to adhere, interact, and communicate through direct physical contact.

48
Q

Three type of cell junctions of animal cells

A

tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

BIO 101 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions