chapter 8

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy inside chloroplasts.

Question 2

Chloroplasts

Answer 2

Thylakoids transform light energy into the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH.

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

Obtain energy and carbon from the organic material derived from other organisms.

Question 4

Stomata

Answer 4

Microscopic pores in leaves through which CO2 enters and O2 leaves.

Question 5

Mesophyll

Answer 5

Interior tissue of the leaf. Location of chloroplasts.

Question 6

Stroma

Answer 6

A dense fluid surrounded by a double membrane which composes a chloroplast.

Question 7

Thylakoid

Answer 7

Sacs suspended in the stroma. Some form stacks called grana. Form a membrane system.

Question 8

Chlorophyll

Answer 8

A pigment that resides in the thylakoid membranes. Gives leaves their green color.

Question 9

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 9

6CO2 + 12H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Question 10

Two multi-step processes of photosynthesis

Answer 10

Light reactions (photo), Calvin cycle (synthesis)

Question 11

Two multi-step processes of photosynthesis

Answer 11

Light reactions (photo), Calvin cycle (synthesis)

Question 12

Location of light reactions and Calvin cycle

Answer 12

thylakoid membranes, stroma

Question 13

Light reactions

Answer 13

Convert solar energy into chemical energy.

Question 14

Photophosphorylation

Answer 14

The process in which ATP is generated by adding a phosphate group to ADP.

Question 15

Calvin cycle

Answer 15

Produces sugars from CO2 with the help of the NADPH and ATP produced by light reactions. Has three phases 1) Carbon fixation 2) Reduction 3) Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor.

Question 16

Carbon fixation

Answer 16

The process by which CO2 is incorporated into an organic molecule.

Question 17

Wavelength

Answer 17

Distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves.

Question 18

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Answer 18

The entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.

Question 19

Photons

Answer 19

Discrete particles of light. Have a fixed quantity of energy, inversely proportional to the wavelength of light.

Question 20

Chlorophyll a

Answer 20

Suggests that violet-blue and red light work best for photosynthesis.

Question 21

Photosystem

Answer 21

Consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

Question 22

Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)

Answer 22

A five-carbon sugar that combines with CO2 during carbon fixation.

Question 23

Photorespiration

Answer 23

Consumes ATP, O2, and organic fuel from the Calvin cycle and releases CO2 without producing any ATP or sugar.

Question 24

C3 plants

Answer 24

The initial fixation of CO2 forms a three-carbon compound (3-phosphoglycerate). Most plants are C3

Question 25

C4 plants

Answer 25

CO2 is incorporated into a four-carbon compound using an enzyme that has a high affinity for CO2.

Question 26

Rubisco

Answer 26

The enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation.

Question 27

Crassulacean acid metabolism (C A M)

Answer 27

Another photosynthetic adaptation to arid conditions. CAM plants open stomata at night and incorporate CO2 into organic acids. Stomata close during the day, and C O2 is released from organic acids and used in the Calvin cycle.

Question 28

Reaction Center

Answer 28

Contains pigments that absorb light to be used for photosynthesis.

Question 29

Antenna Pigments

Answer 29

Pigments that capture photon energy and funnel the energy to the reaction center chlorophyll.