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ppl course - (2) rpl > Chapter 8.6 - Single-Pilot Human Factors > Flashcards

Chapter 8.6 - Single-Pilot Human Factors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five elements of competency?

A
  • Effective Lookout.
  • Situation Awareness.
  • Assess Situation and Make Decisions.
  • Set Priorities and Manage Tasks.
  • Effective Communication and Interpersonal Relationships.
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2
Q

What are the four fundamental risk elements that affect safety?

A
  • Pilot-in-command.
  • Aircraft.
  • Environment.
  • Operation.
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3
Q

What does SA stand for?

A

Situation Awareness.

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4
Q

What is the basic term of Situation Awareness?

A

Thinking ahead of the Aircraft.

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5
Q

Name five factors that contribute to Situation Awareness?

A
  • Experience and Training.
  • Physical Flying Skills.
  • Spatial Orientation.
  • Health and Attitude.
  • Cockpit Management Skills.
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6
Q

What is Level 1 of Situation Awareness?

A

Perception of the current situation.

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7
Q

What is Level 2 of Situation Awareness?

A

Comprehension/Interpretation of the current situation.

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8
Q

What is Level 3 of Situation Awareness?

A

Projection of future events.

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9
Q

What will always be a Pilot’s first priority is anything were to go wrong?

A

Maintain control of the Aircraft.

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10
Q

Name three behavioural markers for Situation Awareness?

A
  • Monitoring Flight Instruments and Communications.
  • Monitoring Weather and Traffic Conditions.
  • Prepare for contingencies (stay ahead of the curve).
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11
Q

What are the four phases of human information processing?

A
  • Sensation.
  • Perception.
  • Decision.
  • Response.
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12
Q

Information is detected by which two main parts of the nervous system?

A
  • Eyes.

- Ears.

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13
Q

How long does the visual field content last for?

A

0.5 to 1 second.

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14
Q

How long does the auditory field content last for?

A

2 to 8 seconds.

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15
Q

New information in Short Term Memory lasts for a period of how many seconds?

A

10 to 20 seconds.

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16
Q

True or False. Newer information can flush out older information?

A

True.

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17
Q

From an information processing perspective, what are the three stages in formation and retrieval memory?

A
  • Encoding/Registration.
  • Storage.
  • Retrieval/Recall.
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18
Q

What are the three distinct types of Memory?

A
  • Sensory Memory.
  • Short Term Memory.
  • Long Term Memory.
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19
Q

Information retained in Long Term Memory can be classified into two types. Name them?

A
  • Meaning (Semantic).

- Specific Events (Episodic).

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20
Q

Name factors affecting the decision-making process (4)?

A
  • Stress.
  • Fatigue.
  • Attitudes.
  • Pressure.
  • Workload.
  • Experience.
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21
Q

Define Arousal?

A

State of being awake.

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22
Q

Name four physical/environmental stressors associated with the cockpit environment?

A
  • Temperature/Humidity.
  • Noise.
  • Vibration.
  • Oxygen Deprivation.
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23
Q

At what temperature is the body most comfortable in?

A

22°C.

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24
Q

At what humidity is the body most comfortable in?

A

Between 40% and 60%.

25
Q

Name five physiological stressors?

A
  • Fatigue.
  • Lack of Physical Fitness.
  • Missed Meals.
  • Some Medication.
  • Dehydration.
26
Q

Name two types of Stress in relation to its intensity?

A
  • Acute (low).

- Chronic (high).

27
Q

What is the name for the type of Stress linked to a short term nature?

A

Acute.

28
Q

What is the most common type of Stress?

A

Acute.

29
Q

What is the name for the type of Stress linked to a long term nature?

A

Chronic.

30
Q

True or False. Acute Stress can be a good thing when it comes to flying? Why?

A

True. It heightens a Pilot’s awareness and improve performance.

31
Q

True or False. Low level Stress and under-Arousal can equate to complacency and boredom which can be dangerous due to lack of attention?

A

True.

32
Q

What is the term to describe the peak for Stress/Arousal levels?

A

Moderate/Alert.

33
Q

What are the extremes in Stress/Arousal levels (2)?

A
  • Low/Drowsy.

- Very High/Panic.

34
Q

What is the term given to describe the difference between Pilot capabilities and task requirements?

A

Margin of Safety.

35
Q

Name three areas of Stress Management?

A
  • Long-range life stress.
  • Cockpit stress.
  • Go/No-Go Decisions.
36
Q

True or False. Fatigue is only when a person feels tired?

A

False. A person who is fatigued is suffering from a lack of energy.

37
Q

What are the two broad categories of Fatigue?

A
  • Acute.

- Chronic.

38
Q

What are the two durations of Fatigue?

A
  • Acute is Short Term.

- Chronic is Long Term.

39
Q

Name five Acute Fatigue which can affect a Pilot?

A
  • Mild Hypoxia.
  • Physical Exertion.
  • Dehydration.
  • Excessive Caffeine.
  • Poor Cockpit Design.
  • Environmental Factors.
  • Mental Stress.
40
Q

Why can Mild Hypoxia cause Acute Fatigue?

A

Due to the reduce levels of oxygen to the brain.

41
Q

Name three Environment Factors that cause Acute Fatigue?

A
  • Cockpit Noise.
  • Vibration.
  • Temperature and Humidity.
  • Weather Conditions.
42
Q

Name two other workloads can cause Acute Fatigue (hint on ground)?

A
  • Preflight Checks.
  • Paperwork.
  • Cargo Manifest.
  • Loading Luggage.
43
Q

Which weather phenomenon can cause Acute Fatigue using Physical Energy?

A

Severe Turbulence.

44
Q

Name three ways of minimising Acute Fatigue?

A
  • Adequate Rest.
  • Proper Diet.
  • Regular Exercise.
45
Q

Name five Hazardous Attitudes?

A
  • Anti-Authoritarian.
  • Impulsivity.
  • Invulnerability.
  • Macho.
  • Resignation.
46
Q

What does TEM stand for?

A

Threat and Error Management.

47
Q

What is the purpose for TEM?

A

Increase safety when flying.

48
Q

How does CASA define a Threat in Flight?

A

A situation/event that has the potential to impact negativity on the safety of flight.

49
Q

Name two categorised Threats?

A
  • External.

- Internal.

50
Q

Name four types of external threats?

A
  • Adverse Weather.
  • Aerodrome Conditions.
  • Air Traffic Control.
  • Operational Issues.
  • Aircraft.
  • Ground/Ramp.
  • Manuals/Charts.
51
Q

Name four types of internal threats?

A
  • Stress.
  • Fatigue.
  • Personal Traits.
  • Hazardous Attitudes.
  • Peer Pressure.
  • Workload.
  • Experience.
52
Q

Detection of anticipated threat should be part of which flight process?

A

Planning.

53
Q

Detection of unexpected threat should be part of which flight process?

A

Monitoring.

54
Q

Name three classes of Errors?

A
  • Aircraft Handling.
  • Procedural.
  • Communication.
55
Q

What is a mismanaged error?

A

An error that is linked/induces an additional error.

56
Q

What are the three basis of setting priorities and managing tasks?

A
  • Aviate.
  • Navigate.
  • Communicate.
57
Q

Task priority is important in managing what state of an Aircraft?

A

Undesired.

58
Q

What are the three classes of Undesired Aircraft States?

A
  • Aircraft Handling.
  • Ground Handling.
  • Incorrect Configuration.
59
Q

Name four countermeasures for Threat and Error Management?

A
  • Planning Countermeasures.
  • Executing Countermeasures.
  • Review/Modify Countermeasures.
  • Interpersonal Relationships.

ppl course - (2) rpl (18 decks)

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