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PPL Course - (2) RPL > Chapter 6.4 - Takeoff & Landing Performance > Flashcards

Chapter 6.4 - Takeoff & Landing Performance Flashcards

1
Q

The Takeoff and Landing Performance charts are used to identify what (2)?

A
  • Check distance available (with known weight and conditions).
  • Finding maximum takeoff weight (with known distance and conditions).
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2
Q

Describe what happens on Takeoff (5)?

A
  • Start at ‘brake release point’.
  • Aircraft accelerates to lift-off speed.
  • Aircraft then lift’s off the ground.
  • Aircraft reaches the 50-foot point.
  • Takeoff complete.
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3
Q

What does TODR stand for?

A

Takeoff Distance Required.

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4
Q

Define TODR?

A

The distance from the brakes release point to the 50-foot point (plus a safety margin of 15%).

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5
Q

True or False. The Takeoff/Landing Weight Charts, are based on flight test data adjusted so they are applicable to an average Aircraft and Pilot?

A

True.

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6
Q

Define the Takeoff Safety Speed?

A

An Airspeed no less than 20% higher than the power-off Stall Speed.

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7
Q

Why is the Takeoff Safety Speed set at 20% higher than the power-off Stall Speed?

A

It gives the Pilot adequate control in the event of sudden and complete Engine Failure.

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8
Q

What does TODA stand for?

A

Takeoff Distance Available.

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9
Q

Define TODA?

A

The physical length of the Runway available for Takeoff.

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10
Q

True of False. If the TODR is equal or greater than the TODA, the Aircraft can takeoff safely?

A

False. TODA has to be equal or greater than the TODR.

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11
Q

What happens if the TODA is less than the TODR?

A

The Aircraft will have insufficient distance to perform the takeoff.

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12
Q

If the TODA is less than the TODR, however the Pilot reduces the weight of the Aircraft so that the TODA is equal to the TODR, what is this new weight called?

A

Performance-limited maximum takeoff weight.

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13
Q

What does ASDA stand for?

A

Accelerate Stopping Distance Available.

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14
Q

Describe what happens on Landing (4)?

A
  • Aircraft descends to the 50-foot point.
  • Aircraft begins Flare whilst slowly descending.
  • Aircraft will touchdown on Runway surface.
  • Brakes applied to slow the Aircraft down.
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15
Q

What does LDR stand for?

A

Landing Distance Required.

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16
Q

Define LDR?

A

The distance from the 50-foot point to the point where the Aircraft comes to a complete stop (plus a safety margin of 15%).

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17
Q

Define the Approach/Target Threshold Speed?

A

An Airspeed no less than 30% higher than the power-off Stall Speed.

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18
Q

What does LDA stand for?

A

Landing Distance Available.

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19
Q

Define LDA?

A

The physical length of the Runway available for Landing.

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20
Q

True or False. If the LDA is equal to or greater than the LDR, the Aircraft can land safely?

A

True.

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21
Q

What happens if the LDA is less than the LDR?

A

The Aircraft will have insufficient distance to land.

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22
Q

True or False. Is it possible to reduce weight for landing, just like Takeoff?

A

False. If the LDA is less than the LDA, a landing should not be performed.

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23
Q

In takeoff configuration, a single-Engine Aircraft must equal or exceed a climb angle of what gradient and angle?

A
  • 6% (gradient).

- 3.6° (angle).

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24
Q

When would a Climb Weight Limit normally be used for Takeoff?

A

From high-elevation aerodromes particularly on very hot days.

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25
Q

In landing configuration, a single-Engine Aircraft must have the ability to climb at what gradient and angle?

A
  • 3.2% (gradient).

- 1.92° (angle).

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26
Q

When would a Climb Weight Limit normally be used for Landing?

A

High-elevation aerodromes.

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27
Q

Name six factors affecting Takeoff and Landings?

A
  • Mass (Weight).
  • Air Density.
  • Wind.
  • Surface of Runway.
  • Slope of Runway.
  • Flaps.
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28
Q

An increase in density height will decrease the Aircraft’s performance and also do what to takeoff distance required?

A

Increase.

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29
Q

An increase in density height will decrease the Aircraft’s performance and also do what to landing distance required?

A

Increase.

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30
Q

An increase in density height will decrease the Aircraft’s performance and also do what to takeoff and landing climbs performance?

A

Decrease.

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31
Q

Name four factors affecting Air Density?

A
  • Pressure Height.
  • QNH.
  • Elevation.
  • Air Temperature.
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32
Q

What is the optimum runway surface condition?

A

Sealed Runway.

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33
Q

True or False. Weather can affect takeoff and landing performances?

A

True.

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34
Q

How can a slope affect takeoff performance (2)?

A
  • Uphill slope increases the takeoff distance required.

- Downhill slope decreases the takeoff distance required.

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35
Q

How can a slope affect takeoff performance (2)?

A
  • Uphill slope decreases the landing distance required.

- Downhill slope increases the landing distance required.

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36
Q

How can a headwind component affect takeoff and landing performance?

A

Decreases distance required.

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37
Q

How can a tailwind component affect takeoff and landing performance?

A

Increases distance required.

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38
Q

How does gross weight affect takeoff distance required (2)?

A
  • Increasing the gross weight will increase the TODR.

- Decreasing the gross weight will decrease the TODR.

39
Q

How does gross weight affect takeoff and landing climbs (2)?

A
  • Decreasing the gross weight will increase takeoff and landing climbs.
  • Increasing the gross weight will decrease takeoff and landing climbs.
40
Q

Name six other factors affecting takeoff and landing performances?

A
  • Takeoff/Approach Speeds.
  • Pilot Technique.
  • Engine Power Output.
  • Ground Effect.
  • Windshear.
  • Frost.
41
Q

True or False. An increase in takeoff/approach speed will increase the distance required?

A

True.

42
Q

True or False. A decrease in takeoff/approach speed will decrease the distance required?

A

False.

43
Q

True or False. Any factor which reduces the power out of an Engine will increase the takeoff distance required?

A

True.

44
Q

True or False. It is important to establish early whether or not the Engine is producing its normal power output?

A

True.

45
Q

When would ground effect affect an Aircraft’s performance (takeoff/landing)?

A

Landing.

46
Q

What is Windshear?

A

A change of wind in speed and direction.

47
Q

Increasing headwind will have what effect to the takeoff and landing climb performance?

A

Increasing performance.

48
Q

Decreasing headwind will have what effect to the takeoff and landing climb performance?

A

Decreasing performance.

49
Q

Increasing tailwind will have what effect to the takeoff and landing climb performance?

A

Decreasing performance.

50
Q

Decreasing tailwind will have what effect to the takeoff and landing climb performance?

A

Increasing performance.

51
Q

Frost on the upper surface of the Wings affects the Aircraft’s performance by reducing what?

A

The amount of lift being generated.

52
Q

The maximum weight of an Aircraft that can sagely takeoff and land is determined by what factors (2)?

A
  • Structural Strength.

- Performance.

53
Q

What does GW stand for?

A

Gross Weight.

54
Q

Define GW?

A

The total weight of an Aircraft at any particular instant.

55
Q

What does TOWSL stand for?

A

Takeoff Weight Structural Limit.

56
Q

Define TOWSL?

A

Maximum gross weight where an Aircraft can commence a takeoff by the structural strength.

57
Q

What does TOWPL stand for?

A

Takeoff Weight Performance Limit.

58
Q

Define TOWPL?

A

Maximum gross weight where an Aircraft can commence a takeoff by its performance.

59
Q

What does LDWSL stand for?

A

Landing Weight Structural Limit.

60
Q

Define LDWSL?

A

Maximum gross weight where an Aircraft can commence a landing by the structural strength.

61
Q

What does the LDWPL stand for?

A

Landing Weight Performance Limit.

62
Q

Define LDWPL?

A

Maximum gross weight where an Aircraft can commence a landing by its performance.

63
Q

What does MLDW stand for?

A

Maximum Landing Weight.

64
Q

Define MLDW?

A

The lesser of the Landing Weight Structural Limit and Landing Weight Performance Limit.

65
Q

What does MTOW stand for?

A

Maximum Takeoff Weight.

66
Q

Define MTOW?

A

The lesser of the Takeoff Weight Structural Limit and Takeoff Weight Performance Limit.

67
Q

Define maximum ramp weight?

A

Maximum allowable weight of an Aircraft prior to start-up.

68
Q

What does ZFW stand for?

A

Zero Fuel Weight.

69
Q

Define ZFW?

A

Gross weight of an Aircraft with no fuel.

70
Q

Name the two main considerations in determining takeoff performance?

A
  • Runway Length.

- Takeoff-climb Performance.

71
Q

Name the two main considerations in determining landing performance?

A
  • Runway Length.

- Landing-climb Performance.

72
Q

Takeoff weight charts are used to find what (2)?

A
  • Maximum takeoff weight for a particular takeoff distance available.
  • Takeoff distance required for a particular gross weight at takeoff.
73
Q

Name the ‘takeoff parameters’ listed in the takeoff weight chart (3)?

A
  • Power (to be used).
  • Flap Setting.
  • Takeoff Safety Speed.
74
Q

What is the maximum upslope and downslope fixed takeoff parameters (2)?

A
  • 2% (upslope).

- 6% (downslope).

75
Q

True or False. Unless the Runway slope is in excess of 1%, treat as though they are level?

A

True.

76
Q

Landing weight charts are used to find what (2)?

A
  • Maximum landing weight for a particular landing distance available.
  • Landing distance required for a particular gross weight at landing.
77
Q

What is the maximum upslope and downslope fixed landing parameters (2)?

A
  • 2% (downslope).

- 6% (upslope).

78
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Takeoff Distance): What is the first item needed to be drawn and how is this done (2)?

A
  • Density Height.

- Marking Pressure Height with Temperature.

79
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Takeoff Distance): Once Density Height is found, what is the next course of action and how is this done (2)?

A
  • Takeoff Distance.

- Drawing a Vertical Line.

80
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Takeoff Distance): Once a Vertical Line has been drawn from the Airfield Pressure Height Chart to Takeoff Distance Available Chart, What is the next calculation chart and how is this found (2)?

A
  • Takeoff Weight.

- Marking Takeoff Weight with Wind Component.

81
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Takeoff Distance): Once Takeoff Weight has been established with Wind Component, what is the next course of action and how is this done (2)?

A
  • Slope.

- Drawing a Horizontal Line to meet Slope percentage.

82
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Takeoff Distance): Once a Horizontal Line has been drawn from Takeoff Weight Chart to Slope Chart, what is the next course of action and how is this done (2)?

A
  • Runway Surface.

- Drawing a Vertical Line.

83
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Takeoff Distance): Once a Vertical Line has been drawn from Runway Slope (%) Chart, what is the next course of action and how is this done (2)?

A
  • Takeoff Distance Required.

- By drawing a Horizontal Line which meets the Horizontal Line from the Airfield Pressure Height Chart.

84
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (TOW): What is the first item needed to be drawn and how is this done (2)?

A
  • Density Height.

- Marking Pressure Height with Temperature.

85
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (TOW): Once Density Height is found, what is the next course of action and how is this done?

A

Drawing a Vertical Line to meet the Takeoff Distance Available.

86
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (TOW): Once a Vertical Line has been drawn to meet TODA, what is the next course of action?

A

Draw a Horizontal Line to meet the Runway Surface.

87
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (TOW): Once a Vertical Line has been drawn to meet the Runway Surface, what is the next course of action?

A

Draw a line Parallel to the Runway Surface.

88
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (TOW): Once a Parallel line has been drawn to identify the Runway Surface, what is the next course of action?

A

Draw a Horizontal Line which meets the Runway Slope.

89
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (TOW): Once the Runway Slope point has been made, what is the next course of action (2)?

A
  • Draw a Vertical Line down to meet the Wind Component.

- Then draw a Horizontal Line to find the Takeoff Weight.

90
Q

Landing weight charts are used to find what (2)?

A
  • Landing distance required for existing conditions.

- Maximum Landing Weight for the landing distance required (where climb weight limit applies).

91
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Landing Distance): What is the first item needed to be drawn and how is this done (3)?

A
  • Density Height.
  • Marking Pressure Height with Temperature.
  • Draw a Horizontal Line across to meet the Climb Weight Limit on Landing Weight Chart.
92
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Landing Distance): Once Density Height is found, what is the next course of action and how is this done?

A
  • Landing Distance.

- Drawing a Vertical Line.

93
Q

Takeoff and Landing Weight Charts (Landing Distance): Once a Vertical Line has been drawn from the Airfield Pressure Height Chart to Landing Distance Available Chart, What is the next course of action (2)?

A
  • Marking Wind Component with Runway Slope.

- Drawing a Horizontal Line to meet Vertical Line on Landing Distance Required Chart.

94
Q

True or False. A Pilot doesn’t need to follow the Flap Settings required for takeoff?

A

False. Flap Settings on charts should be used for Takeoffs.

PPL Course - (2) RPL (18 decks)

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