Chapter 8.3: Physical Properties of Haloalkanes

Question 1

Define homolytic bond cleavage

Answer 1

cleavage of a bond so that each fragment retains one electron; formation of radicals

Question 2

What is any chemical species that contains one or more unpaired electrons?

Answer 2

radical

Question 3

What is a group of intermolecular attractive forces including dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and induced dipole-induced dipole (dispersion) forces?

Answer 3

van der Waals forces

Question 4

What is cleavage of a bond so that each fragment retains one electron; formation of radicals?

Answer 4

homolytic bond cleavage

Question 5

What is the minimum distance of approach to an atom that does not cause nonbonded interaction strain?

Answer 5

van der Waals radius

Question 6

Define radical

Answer 6

any chemical species that contains one or more unpaired electrons

Question 7

Define heterolytic bond cleavage

Answer 7

cleavage of a bond so that one fragment retains both electrons and the other retains none

Question 8

Define polarizability

Answer 8

a measure of the ease of distortion of the distribution of electron density about an atom or group in response to interaction with other molecules or ions

Question 9

What is a barbed curved arrow used to show that change in position of a single electron?

Answer 9

fishhook arrows

Question 10

Define fishhook arrows

Answer 10

a barbed curved arrow used to show that change in position of a single electron

Question 11

What is a measure of the ease of distortion of the distribution of electron density about an atom or group in response to interaction with other molecules or ions?

Answer 11

polarizability

Question 12

What is cleavage of a bond so that one fragment retains both electrons and the other retains none?

Answer 12

heterolytic bond cleavage

Question 13

Define Van der Waals radius

Answer 13

the minimum distance of approach to an atom that does not cause nonbonded interaction strain

Question 14

Define van der Waals forces

Answer 14

a group of intermolecular attractive forces including dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and induced dipole-induced dipole (dispersion) forces