Chapter 10.1: Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols Flashcards
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
o The functional group of an alcohol is an –OH (hydroxyl) group
How do you derive the common name for an alcohol?
o Common names for alcohols are derived by naming the alkyl group bonded to –OH and then adding the work alcohol
How do we classify alcohols?
o We classify alcohols as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°), depending on whether the –OH group is on a primary, secondary, or tertiary carbon
What are glycols?
o Compounds containing hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons are often referred to as glycols
What is a compound containing two hydroxyl groups?
diol
How do you name diols and triols?
o In IUPAC names for diols, triols, and so on, the final -e (the suffix) of the parent alkane named is retained
According to IUPAC, how do you name alcohols?
o In the IUPAC system, the longest chain of carbon atoms containing the –OH group is selected as the parent alkane and numbered from the end closer to –OH
o To show that the compound is an alcohol, change the suffix -e of the parent alkane to -ol and use a number to show the location of the –OH group
What are unsaturated alcohols?
o Compounds containing -OH and C=C groups are often referred to as unsaturated alcohols because of the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond
What is the hybridization state of the carbon and oxygen in an alcohol (C-OH)
both are sp3 hybridized
According to IUPAC, how do you name cyclic alcohols?
o For cyclic alcohols, numbering begins with the carbon bearing the –OH group
Because the –OH group is understood to be on carbon 1 of the ring, there is no need to give its location a number
Define triol
a compound containing three hydroxyl groups
Define diol
a compound containing two hydroxyl groups
What is a compound containing three hydroxyl groups?
triol
