Chapter 8: Well-Being Across the Lifespan Flashcards
Who created the stage model for well-being across the lifespan?
Erik Erikson
What does each crisis of Erikson’s model build?
A specific virtue.
Each level of Erikson’s model is built of _ opposite virtues.
2
If successful in Erikson’s model, you create a…
Healthy personality.
Erikson viewed human development as a _ of _ challenges that emerge at different _ in the life course.
sequence
social
stages
What are Erikson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development?TAIC IIGI
Trust/Mistrust
Autonomy/Shame and doubt
Initiative/Guilt
Competence/Inferiority
Identity/Role confusion
Intimacy/Isolation
Generativity/Stagnation
Integrity/Despair
What are the ages of the 8 Erikson stages?
0-1
1-3
3-6
6-12
12-20s
20s-40s
40s-60s
60s-death
What is resilience?
Skills to adapt to adversity.
What are protective factors?
Protects us against mental health conditions and buffers negative effects of stress.
What is the narrative of hardship way to build resilience (3 steps)?
Consider past coping
Skills/strategies acquired
Skills/Strats I would like to gain
What are the 4 requirements for post-trauma growth?
Change POV
Set goals
Renew meaning and purpose
Find social support
What percentage of adults have faced a major crisis or trauma?
~60%
What are two ways to positively adapt to life issues?
Find benefits
Change the story for post-trauma growth
What is the official Resilience definition?
A broad array of abilities for constructively and positively adapting to risk, adversity, or some monumental negative event.
What are the 5 gifts of conquering adversity?
New possibilities
Increased strength
More relationships
Greater appreciation
Spiritual development
Are children resilient?
Yes, childhood may not effect adulthood
What are the core characteristics of a resilient child? (5)
Nurturing surrogate parent
Good communication skills
One close friend
Creative outlets, activities or hobbies
Optimism
Most of all, children who are resilient are not _, they find…
Passive
Resources to meet their needs
Resilient children are supported by good _ and _. _ takes a secondary role.
Families
Communities
Personality
What are the 5 personality factors that affect children’s resilience?BEESI
Behavioural inhibition
Emotional regulation
Emotional intelligence
Self-efficacy and persistence
Insight
Lerner says youth go through a process that foster the 5 Cs, what are they? What was the 6th?OOO HAO
Competence
Confidence
Connection
Character
Caring
Contribution
What are developmental assets?
Supportive contexts for positive youth development, like Big Brothers, Big Sisters
What does the Penn Resiliency Program Teach?
Learned Optimism
What is emerging adulthood?
A new stage, 18-25, transitional time between adolescence and young adulthood
More responsibilities and demands, but not all figured out
What are the 5 features of emerging adulthood?
Identity exploration
Instability
Self-focused
Feeling in-between
Age of possibilities
What are two mindsets you can have during emerging adulthood (and describe)?
Fixed mindset (Makes difficult to handle changes in the future)
Growth mindset (help in overcoming challenges, change is okay)
Emerging adults often experience…
Identity confusion and lower psychological well-being
What are Marcia’s four identity statuses?
Identity achievement
Identity foreclosure
Identity moratorium
Identity diffusion
What are the two things people are measured on in Marcia’s four identity statuses?
Crisis and commitment
What is crisis present commitment present?
Identity Achievement
What is crisis present commitment absent?
Identity Moratorium
What is crisis absent commitment present?
Identity Foreclosure
What is crisis absent commitment absent?
Identity Diffusion
What do the four types of Marcia’s four identity statuses mean?
Identity achievement: I know who I am, still reflect on what I believe personally
Identity Moratorium: I dont know who I am, but I’ll ask questions about it
Identity Foreclosure: I am committed to who people want me to be and know who I am because they told me
Identity diffusion: I have no identity and IDC
What is early adulthood?
Mid 20s-40s
Begins after emerging adulthood
Differs culturally
Marriage and parenthood
Intimacy vs isolation
In early and middle adulthood, there is a focus on _ and _. What do younger and older groups show?
Strengths and virtues
Younger: exploring worlds, strength of hope predicts life satisfaction
Older: Satisfied with achievements and accomplishments, less satisfied with future outlook
What level of adversity is resilience associated with in adulthood?
Moderate adversity
_ emotionality helps increase resilience in adults.
Positive
What are the 4 factors that help cultivate resilience in adulthood?PGHM
Problem focused coping
Goal commitment
Humour, patience, optimism, faith, altruism
Mindfulness and self-compassion
Resilience in adulthood tries to find a balance in what?
Too much and too little emotional control
What is Master Resilience Training?
Teaches skills to inoculate against PTSD
What are the seeds for future post-traumatic growth? (3)TSR
Mental toughness
Character strength
Strong relationships
Where has Master Resilience Training been used?
US Army
Older persons are more _ with life.
Satisfied
There is higher - among older persons.
Subjective wellbeing
What are 6 characteristics of why subjective well-being is greater in older people?EOA RRM
Self-efficacy
Optimism
Autonomy
Realistic view of future
Successful resolution of stages
Sense of meaning
What are the main two influences of life satisfaction in old age and decline?
Good health
PA
How do western and eastern countries influence well-being?
Western-Higher life satisfaction
Eastern europe, SU, Latin America-Decline in life satisfaction
What needs to be included in our personal stories?
Sense of self
Sense of meaning
What are narrative approaches to the lifespan?
Telling stories to make sense of our lives. Creative constructions of what actually happened and their meaning.
If you reflect more, you likely have higher _.
Wellbeing
What are the three types of narrative processing?CPR EN TN
Coherent positive resolution
Exploratory Narrative
Transformation
Exploring meaning+Constructing a coherent and positive resolution=
Positive adaptation to difficult life events
Name an example of the three paths and one non-path to maturity in adult development.ACSD
Achiever: Me
Conserver: Sheldon’s mom
Seeker: Mr. Patrick
Depleted: Ethan
What are the three paths to maturity and the non-path for women??
Achievers: Career oriented, up generativity, sense of self-identity, max positive min negative
Conservers: Conventional, reserved, less open to change, accepted path, dampen emotions
Seekers: Open to new experiencs, question and challenge self, high wisdom and ego development, not conventional, amplified emotions
Depleted: can’t resolve emotional difficulties
What is affect optimization?
Max positive, min negative
What is affect complexity?
Coordinate positive and negative emotions into schemas that are flexible and integrated, most mature!
What are the 8 virtues obtained in Erikson’s stages?HWPC
FLCW
Hope
Will
Purpose
Competence
Fidelity
Love
Care
Wisdom
What is generativity?
Helping and guiding others, better well-being, better personal growth
What is personal growth initiative?
Active, intentional engagement in the process of personal growth.
People high on personal growth do what? (3)IDG
Seek improvement
Have life direction
Have enduring goals
People with a high level of personal growth initiative know (3)?DGO
Their direction
How to capitalize on opportunities for growth
How to see opportunities for creativity and adaptive solutions
What is a sense of coherence?
Set of personality traits that allows to interpret life stressors in a positive way.
What is a sense of coherence made out of? (3)MCM
Meaningfulness
Comprehensibility
Manageability
A sense of coherence is a stable trait over the _ years of adulthood.
Middle
What are the domains of resilience?
Physical
Emotional
Spiritual
Mental
What is energy balance?
Need energy expend with rest and recovery to be equal
What are depleting emotions?
Bad emotions- reduced muscle
Brain cell death
impaired memory
All bad stuff
What are renewing emotions?
Good emotions for good neurochemicals
What are the two axes on the depletion to renewal grid?
Hormones and which nervous system
What are the hormones in the depletion renewal grid? what about the Nervous systems?
Cortisol (Bad) DHEA (good)
Parasympathetic (Low hr) Sympathetic (High HR)
