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PSYC 380-Positive Psychology > Chapter 10: Religion, Spirituality, and Well-Being > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Religion, Spirituality, and Well-Being Flashcards

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1
Q

The _ for meaning decreases happiness.

A

Search

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2
Q

What is spirituality?

A

A personal search for the sacred in life

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3
Q

What is religion?

A

A search grounded in institutional forms

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4
Q

What is the similarity between spirituality and religion?

A

Greater than oneself

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5
Q

What did Park say could make life meaningful? (3)LDA

A

Feeling connected to something larger than oneself
Search for greater depth and significance in ones XP
Adapting to life events that challenge ones sense of meaning

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6
Q

What is a prosocial way to create meaning?

A

Be of service to self or others

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7
Q

What is prosocial behaviour/altruism?

A

Any action performed to help others, on an individual or group level

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8
Q

What are the types of altruism? Describe

A

Pure: Desire to help, empathy and compassion as motivation
Egoistic: Expectation of personal or group benefit

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9
Q

What are the two routes to helping and their steps?

A

1: View anothers distress>Feel Distress>Egoistic motivation to help to reduce my stress>Possibly help to reduce my stress
2: View distress>Feel empathy>altrustic motivation>Help to reduce their stress

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10
Q

What is the 5 step model of helping by Latane and Darley?

A

Notice
Interpret
Responsibility
Knowledge
Implement

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11
Q

How can we cultivate altruism? (3)

A

Reward prosocial with praise, smiles, hugs
Behave pro socially to model
Model and reward our own prosocial behaviours

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12
Q

Pointing out _ and getting kids involved in volunteering _ helps prosocial behaviours in future.

A

Similarities
Earlier

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13
Q

Creativity is a way to create _.

A

Meaning

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14
Q

Scientific, artistic, musical, knowledge _ all help give purpose and lead to _-discovery.

A

creativity
Self-discovery

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15
Q

If we live life as _ and as _ as possible, or actively participate and engage, we have more _.

A

fully
Deeply
meaning

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16
Q

Suffering stimulates… because people fix themselves

A

Growth

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17
Q

Religious experiences that are profound can help create _.

A

Meaning

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18
Q

Religion and spirituality are _ too.

A

Emotional

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19
Q

What are at the heart of spiritual experiences?

A

emotional experiences that deepen faith through feelings and expression

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20
Q

Gratitude and appreciation can be _ and can either be called an _ or an _.

A

Grown
Emotion
Attitude

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21
Q

Gratitude has been correlated with _ emotions, v_, o_, h_, life s_, less concern with m_, greater s_.

A

Positive
Vitality
Optimism
Hope
Satisfaction
Material
Spirituality

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22
Q

What are four ways to practice gratitude?

A

Journaling
Counting blessings
Benefit finding
Sharing gratitude

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23
Q

What is Naikan? What are its questions?

A

Japanese meditation daily on three questions
What recieve
What Give
What troubles and difficulties did I cause to others

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24
Q

What is appreciation?

A

Awe and gratitude combined

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25
Q

What were three things people who were most appreciative felt?

A

Positive emotions
Life satisfaction
Fewer negative emotions

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26
Q

Without forgiveness, what are the consequences?

A

Anger and resentment, increased hostility, physical health effects

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27
Q

What age and gender forgive more easily?

A

Adults and women

28
Q

What are the four stages of forgiveness? Describe.UDWD

A

Uncovering (Bad for me)
Decision (Choice to forgive)
Work (Why hurt, tell them)
Deepening (Stay forgive, sense of meaning)

29
Q

Is forgiveness an intra or interpersonal process?

A

Both!
Say it but also
forgive self, take responsibility for our behaviour, let go of self-absorbtion/criticism

30
Q

What is the REACH model by Everett Worthington?

A

Recall hurt
Empathize
Altruistically give forgiveness
Commit to Verbally forgive
Hold onto forgiveness

31
Q

What makes forgiveness more likely? (3)

A

Transgressor accepts responsibility
Transgressor apologizes
Transgressor attempts to make things right

32
Q

What are the four stages of Jacinto and Edwards Therapeutic Stages of Forgiveness? Describe.RRER

A

Recognition: Aware of issue
Responsibility: Own up
Expression: Discuss emotions
Recreating: Create New self image

33
Q

What are compassion and Empathy?

A

Ability to connect deeply with others and recognize others’ suffering

34
Q

Compassion and empathy help build positive _.

A

Relationships

35
Q

What is self-compassion?

A

Being kind towards one’s self

36
Q

Self-_ works better than self-criticism.

A

compassion

37
Q

Women who are more self-compassionate have _ luck with diets.

A

Better

38
Q

What is loving-kindness (Metta)?

A

a benevolent goodwill, a boundless kind of love that is directed towards all living beings without distinction, separation or prejudice.

39
Q

What is humility? What are three things it does? AOA

A

Humble
Acknowledge mistakes
Open to other opinions and ideas
Appreciate the many ways people contribute to the world

40
Q

What are transcendent experiences?

A

Religious or spiritual experiences that are often dramatic and leave people feeling like they have entered a higher state of consciousness.

41
Q

What percentage of americans report having religious or spiritual awakenings?

A

49%

42
Q

What are elation and awe?

A

Positive emotions that seem to come with religious experiences or transcendent experiences

43
Q

What are the 6 conditions that favour awe?RSS FBU

A

Time for reflection
Slow down
Savour moment
Focus on what one loves
Big picture
Ability to trust in unknowable

44
Q

What is wonder?

A

Opening of the heart to joy, gratitude, and love

45
Q

Wonder is closely related to _.

A

Awe

46
Q

Wonder is linked to the qualities of… (3)

A

Imagination, surprise, aesthetics

47
Q

Experiences of wonder can be split into what three types?

A

Physical, personal, metaphysical

48
Q

What are peak experiences?

A

Brief moments of intense experience

49
Q

Elements of peak-experiences could happen…

A

Everyday

50
Q

Transcendent experiences could happen…

A

higher state of consciousness sometimes

51
Q

What is resacralization?

A

Restoring a sense of sacred to the ordinary.

52
Q

What are numinous experiences?

A

See god, transcendant being is real

53
Q

When do numinous experiences happen?

A

Only when you see god… so rarely

54
Q

Children may have more _ experiences.

A

Numinous

55
Q

What is transpersonal psychology?

A

Daily experiences of liberation or enlightenment

56
Q

What is mysticism?

A

Diverges in fundamental ways from our ordinary reality

57
Q

Wha are the four shared features of mysticism?

A

Experience is indescribable
Profound knowledge revealed
Beyond understanding space and time
Sense of unity with world

58
Q

What is extrinsic religiosity? Which rewards?

A

People use their religion as a path to egoistic ends.
Social practical rewards, correlated with prejudice

59
Q

What is intrinsic religiosity?

A

Practices are founded on personal and authentic motivations.

60
Q

What is religion as a quest?

A

Faith about philosophical and spiritual questions

61
Q

What are the two basic styles of meditation?

A

Vipissana/insight/receptive meditation, open monitor
Concentrative/one-pointed meditation

62
Q

What is neurotheology?

A

Brain activity recorded during meditation.

63
Q

There are _ brain patterns in meditation.

A

Recognizable

64
Q

Where does the brain activate during meditations?

A

Cortical, brain areas connected to the self

65
Q

What are entheogens and religious experiences?

A

Substances used to foster religious experiences.

66
Q

What is the main entheogen>

A

Psilocybin

67
Q

Mind-altering drugs offer help for…

A

PTSD, alcoholism, depression

PSYC 380-Positive Psychology (9 decks)

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