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PSYC 380-Positive Psychology > Chapter 3: Subjective Well-Being > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Subjective Well-Being Flashcards

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1
Q

Subjective well-being can be operationalized as…

A

Life satisfaction, happiness

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2
Q

What are the main four SWB Scales?

A

Subjective Happiness Scale
Psychological Well-being scale
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)
Satisfaction with life scale

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3
Q

What assumptions do scales that measure happiness have to have?

A

Happiness can be translated to numbers
Two people with same scores have similar level of happiness

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4
Q

What are top-down theories of happiness?

A

Our tendencies towards positive interpretations to situations in our lives (traits, attitudes, self-perceptions).

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5
Q

What are bottom-up theories of SWB?

A

Quality of several areas in our life to discover overall satisfaction (marriage quality, friendships, job satisfaction, yearly income)

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6
Q

_ people think in positive ways.

A

Satisfied

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7
Q

Constructive thinkers show lower _ and higher _.

A

Neuroticism, wellbeing

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8
Q

Positive mood lets us interpret events in…

A

Positive ways

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9
Q

What is self-esteem? How does this work?

A

Our subjective, personal evaluation of our self-concept (do I like me?)
Optimism and self-achievement lead to lower negative emotions and increased happiness

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10
Q

What do people mix up for self-esteem?

A

Narcissism, self-compassion, self-efficacy

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11
Q

What is the main issue with self-esteem? What can this lead to?

A

Trigger negative behaviours,
Avoiding helpful feedback, bullying and aggression, won’t take risks, make less mistakes

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12
Q

Self-esteem seems to be contingent upon _. You need _ validation.

A

Success
outside

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13
Q

Self-compassion is an _ to self-esteem.

A

Alternative

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14
Q

Self-compassion is recognizing and alleviating our own _.

A

Suffering

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15
Q

What are the three parts of self-compassion? CH

A

Mindfulness:Being aware without judging
Self-kindness: an affectionate view of oneself
Common Humanity: My suffering is something anyone could go through

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16
Q

Self-compassion is correlated with decreased…
Self-compassion is correlated with increased

A

Self-criticism, depression, stress, anxiety and neurotic perfectionism
Social connectedness, happiness, optimism, positive affect, agreeableness, conscientiousness, life satisfaction

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17
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

Belief that I can get what I want by using my own actions. Kinda like personal control except only in relation to specific outcomes

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18
Q

What is a sense of control?

A

The belief that I can get what I want and avoid what I do not

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19
Q

What is an internal locus of control? External?

A

I have control and can change outcomes
It is beyond my control

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20
Q

Control and _ seem to be tied.

A

Hope

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21
Q

If you have self-efficacy, you are more _, less _ and _ and more _ in all parts of life.

A

Persistent, anxious, depressed, successful

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22
Q

What are the two concepts we call optimism? Explain.

A

Dispositional optimism: I am just optimistic
Explanatory style about past events (did not sleep vs. i suck)

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23
Q

Optimism is associated with better _ performance, better _ performance, work _, relationship _, better _ skills, lowered vulnerability to _ and superior _ health.

A

Academic
Sports
Productivity
Satisfaction
coping
Depression
Physical

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24
Q

What is optimism’s attributional style?

A

External, variable, specific attributions

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25
Q

What is pessimism’s attributional style?

A

Internal, stable, global

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26
Q

Learned _ and _ style theories came together to create learned _.

A

Helplessness, attributional style, optimism

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27
Q

Having a sense of _ for your life is correlated with higher SWB.

A

meaning

28
Q

Sense of meaning is associated with greater _(Big 5)

A

openness to experience.

29
Q

Self reflection causes…

A

Dreams, goals, creativity, growth

30
Q

Happier people are _ satisfied with their decisions.

A

More

31
Q

Happiness is related to having positive _about self, others and the world.

A

Allusions

32
Q

What are the three types of self?

A

Actual, ideal, ought

33
Q

What are lateral social comparisons?

A

Comparing selves to peers

34
Q

What are downward social comparisons?

A

Comparing ourselves in a way that says we are better

35
Q

What are self serving cognitive biases?

A

cognitive distortions that enhance self-concept by making us believe we are better than we are.

36
Q

What are the main three things people have a biased view of? (TBF)

A

Traits, behaviours and personal feedback

37
Q

What is optimal margin theory?

A

There is a slight to moderate range which is healthy for positive illusions.

38
Q

What are the illusions we have about control, optimism and meaning?

A

We think we have more control than we do
We have unrealistically optimistic views of the future
We find meaning in everything

39
Q

Can self-deception ever be harmful?

A

Yes, too much or too little is bad for happiness and health

40
Q

What are the main two self-serving biases?EV

A

Self-enhancement: I am a good person, better than most people
Self-verification: I am right, even more right than others

41
Q

What is self-discrepancy theory?

A

Actual, ought, ideal selves

42
Q

What is the discrepancy between actual and ideal mismatch?

A

Dejection

43
Q

What is the discrepancy between the actual and the ought mismatch?

A

Agitation

44
Q

What is self-expansion theory?

A

Inclusion of others in self (IOS). We have a basic motivation to grow and improve, and our self-concept expands through relationships with others.

45
Q

What is the most important predictor of SWB?

A

Social relationships

46
Q

Good social support is tied to… (3)

A

Positive self-esteem, optimism, perceived control

47
Q

What are the two indicators of high-quality relationships?

A

Companionship and self-validation

48
Q

What are the personality traits tied to positive well-being?

A

Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness.

49
Q

What Big 5 traits are tied to negative well-being?

A

Neuroticism

50
Q

The lower quarter of income reduces chance of being happy by _%.

A

26

51
Q

The upper quarter of income increases the odds of happiness by _%.

A

13

52
Q

What is the tipping point for income to make people happy?

A

~85376 USD

53
Q

What is one main reason more money can make us happy?

A

Fosters relationships with family and friends.

54
Q

What is the adaptation-level phenomenon?

A

Always come back to same level of happiness after big change

55
Q

What is the hedonic treadmill?

A

Keep setting higher goals to become happy

56
Q

What is the tyranny of freedom?

A

Decreased happiness with choices made due to less choices.

57
Q

Discrimination has a …

A

Negative effect on subjective wellbeing.

58
Q

_ support can moderate the effects of _

A

Social, discrimination

59
Q

What are hedonic adaptations?

A

We adapt to positive stim and no longer feel effects of it.

60
Q

What did we find about genetic effects, situational effects, and intentional effects of happiness?

A

50% genes, 10% situation, 40% our choices

61
Q

Happy people do things to _ happiness.

A

Sustain

62
Q

_ is more important than _ of happiness.

A

Frequency, intensity

63
Q

Fluctuations in emotions lead to more _ emotions.

A

Negative

64
Q

What should you do to sustain positive mood?

A

Increase ratio of negative to positive, self-help

65
Q

Feeling _ decreases depression, anxiety, self-criticism and stress the most.

A

Safe

66
Q

What are the issues with being too happy?4 LGSD

A

Loneliness
Gullible
Selfish
Detached

67
Q

What is emo-diversity?

A

Feeling a full range of emotions. It is healthy.
Accept our range
be Resilient

PSYC 380-Positive Psychology (9 decks)

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