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PSYC 380-Positive Psychology > Chapter 6: Positive Health > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Positive Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What is health, according to the old WHO definition?

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being?

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2
Q

Physical health is often defined as the _ of illness.

A

Absence

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3
Q

What two other things can be part of physical health?

A

Wellness, vitality

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4
Q

We argue now that well-being is a _ over _.

A

spectrum, categories

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5
Q

What are the 5 parts of wellness?ZPMSS

A

Zest,
potential,
meaning
social responsibility,
skills for adapting to challenges

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6
Q

Wellness is an alternative approach to _, which allows for people with chronic illnesses.

A

Health

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7
Q

What is vitality?

A

A positive feeling of aliveness and energy

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8
Q

How can you enhance vitality?

A

Activities that help with self-determination needs

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9
Q

What are the three self-determination needs? (CAR)

A

Competence, autonomy, relatedness

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10
Q

Vitality is a factor in _ due to its association with _.

A

Longevity, autonomy

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11
Q

What are the three measures of vitality? BSF

A

Biological markers (good health), subjective experiences (being happy and feeling good), functional abilities (having appropriate help, being able to do what you need to)

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12
Q

What is exercises relationship with well-being?

A

Regular exercises helps health and psychological well-being

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13
Q

Vigorous physical activity leads to a stronger relationship between _ and _ health.

A

Exercise, positive health

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14
Q

Overtraining has a _ impact on wellbeing. Why?

A

Negative
Injury, pain

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15
Q

What increases motivation for exercise?

A

Positive attitude

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16
Q

What is health psychology?

A

A field of psychology dedicated to understanding and applying psychological principles to improving the health of individuals.

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17
Q

What does the biological part of health psychology include?

A

Gender, disability, physical health, neurochemistry, stress reactivity, genetic vulnerability

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18
Q

What does the psychological part of health psychology include?

A

Behaviour, personality, attitudes and beliefs, learning and memory, coping and social skills, self-esteem and emotions

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19
Q

What does the social part of health psychology include?

A

Education, social support, peer relationships, family background, socioeconomic status

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20
Q

Health psychology takes a _ approach.

A

Biopsychosocial

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21
Q

What is psychoneuroimmunology?

A

Sub realm of health psychology, stress and its impact on the immune system

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22
Q

What are the three parts of psychoneuroimmunology?

A

Psychological processes, functioning of the nervous system, the body’s immune system

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23
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology argues that psychological issues are not only in the _.

A

Head

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24
Q

T-cells or S-IgA antibodies are related to _ factors and _ functioning.

A

Psychological, immune

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25
Q

What are the types of cells that are related with immune functioning?

A

T-cells or S-IgA antibodies

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26
Q

When you have a psycho-emotional intervention, _ cells or _ antibodies go up and the immune system functions better.

A

T-cells or S-IgA antibodies

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27
Q

_ people live longer.

A

Positive

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28
Q

Positive emotions influence the _ nervous system. Which system does it get going? What type of health does this help with?

A

Autonomic
Parasympathetic
Immune

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29
Q

Positive emotions promote…

A

Positive health

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30
Q

What is heart rate variability?

A

A measure of the variability in between the time of each heartbeat

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31
Q

HRV measures self-_ strength.

A

Self-regulatory

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32
Q

High HRV leads to a higher ability to regulate…

A

Thoughts, emotions and behaviours

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33
Q

The HRV and self-regulatory abilities are a _.

A

Correlation

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34
Q

How do people with high HRV react emotionally and socially?

A

More positive emotions
More socially connected

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35
Q

How can HRV be increased?

A

Physical exercise, yoga, meditation

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36
Q

What is coherence?

A

Brain and body function in sync. Optimal performance.

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37
Q

What can you do to get more coherence?

A

Meditate

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38
Q

What causes incoherence?

A

Frustration, negative emotions

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39
Q

When we are incoherent, what is out of sync?

A

Our parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

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40
Q

What is coherence physiologically?

A

immune, hormonal and nervous systems in energetic coordination.

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41
Q

Name emotions and feelings that create coherence.

A

Courage, honour, dignity
Confidence
Appreciation, gratitude
Kindness
Care, love
Compassion
Tolerance, patience
Enthusiasm and joy

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42
Q

Loneliness can have a negative effect on _ functioning and _ well-being.

A

Immune, psychological

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43
Q

What are the four things social support helps with medically? MMBE

A

Compliance with medical treatments
Reduce levels of medication
Adoption of health-promoting behaviours
Positive emotions

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44
Q

What is the direct effects hypothesis?

A

Social support directly impacts us via guidance, positive emotions and empathy

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45
Q

What is the buffering hypothesis?

A

The presence of social support helps shield from negative impact of stress.

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46
Q

What are the four types of social support?

A

Emotional support (shows concern)
Tangible or instrumental (materials)
Informational (Advice)
Companionship (sense of belonging)

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47
Q

What are the three types of friendships? + define.

A

Utility (business)
Pleasure (similar interests)
Virtue (commitment to one another)

48
Q

Children need to have _.

A

Friends

49
Q

Having a close friend leads to better _ overall.

A

Health

50
Q

_ only need to be married to be benefit in health from marriage, while _ need a good quality marriage to benefit.

A

Men
Women

51
Q

Perceptions of love can lead to lowered risk of _ disease, u_, h_ and _ abuse.

A

Heart
Ulcers
Hypertension
Alcohol

52
Q

Nature evokes _ and a sense of deeper _.

A

Pleasure
Meaning

53
Q

Forest bathing allows the mind to be _ and _. It also allows for lower…

A

Clearer and sharper
Stress and blood pressure

54
Q

Nature can create _ experiences.

A

Transcendant

55
Q

People can cognitively improve _ and _.

A

Attention and recovery

56
Q

How is touch associated with positive health?

A

Increases caring, compassion, empathy, release of oxytocin

57
Q

Touch can help reduce _ and be supportive in treatment of _ disorders.

A

Pain
Psychological

58
Q

_ reduces fatigue in lukemia patients.

A

Touch

59
Q

ST can also have positive benefits.

A

Self-touch

60
Q

Compassion influences _ system responses in both…

A

Immune
Us and others

61
Q

What was the Mother Theresa Film study? What made it work even better?

A

PPs showed increase immune system functioning after watching a film about her helping.
If they felt loved.

62
Q

High volunteering is associated with increased _.

A

Longevity

63
Q

Helping others is more associated with _.

A

Well-being

64
Q

Altruism is a way to get people away from their…

A

Own concerns

65
Q

Altruism increases social _ and promotes _ emotions.

A

Bonds
Positive

66
Q

Humour has been related to…

A

Personal adjustment and well-being

67
Q

A good sense of humour helps people recover quicker from…

A

Illness

68
Q

Humour can enhance _ system functioning.

A

Immune

69
Q

What are laugh clubs?

A

Groups to laugh as hard as possible for 15-20 minutes`

70
Q

The act of _ is healing in itself.

A

laughing

71
Q

The act of writing down thoughts about your traumatic event is…

A

beneficial

72
Q

Sharing _ emotions when writing about trauma is better than just sharing _ emotions.

A

Negative
Positive

73
Q

What are Pennebakers 6 recommendations when writing to deal with stressors? CAS EPS

A

What concerns you
Write alone
Dont worry about spelling
Write about event + feelings
Writing private
Let yourself feel sad

74
Q

How can you move towards post-traumatic growth rather than PTSD?

A

Opening up, emotional story-telling and benefit finding

75
Q

What is the cognitive mediation approach?

A

The meaning we bring to the situation

76
Q

Cognitive styles are very important for positive _.

A

Coping

77
Q

Positive cognitive style is a _ _ trait.

A

Top down

78
Q

What is the stress process?

A

Stressful events-> appraisal-> emotional, physiological, behavioural response

79
Q

What is optimism?

A

Generalized expectancy that good things will happen in the future

80
Q

Optimism is related to _ health outcomes.

A

Positive

81
Q

Optimism leads to a _ quality of life.

A

Higher

82
Q

Percieved _ of control is associated with negative affectivity.

A

Lack

83
Q

High self-_ leads to more control over health.

A

Efficacy

84
Q

What is hardiness? (3) CCC

A

Combination of: sense of control, perceive stress as challenge not crisis, commitment to various areas of life.

85
Q

_ processes help create a sense with hardiness.

A

Cognitive

86
Q

High hardiness is associated with self-_ processes.

A

Enhancement, positive self concept and internal control

87
Q

What is zestful old age?

A

Surviving into late adulthood with physical and mental well-being.

88
Q

What are the three broad dimensions of peak aging (Eric Erikson) and definitions? IWP

A

Insight: heightened reality, discernment
Wisdom: emotional maturity, sound judgement, able reasoning
Playfulness: vital quality of elder living

89
Q

Positive health is associated with _, which comes from more positive and less negative emotions that boost _.

A

Longevity
Immunity

90
Q

What has the greatest effect on longevity?

A

Social relationships

91
Q

_ need positive relationships for well-being, positive health and longevity.

A

Women

92
Q

People with more positive views about _ recover from illness better.

A

Aging

93
Q

Playfulness is important for adult _.

A

Well-being

94
Q

What does the Adult Playfulness Scale measure (5)? SECFS

A

Spontaneous (spont vs. disciplined; impulsive vs diligent)
Expressive (open vs reserved)
Creative (imaginative vs unimaginative)
Fun (bright vs. dull; excitable vs. serene)
Silly (childlike vs. mature; whimsical vs. practical)

95
Q

What are the 5 Adult Playfulness Scales?

A

Spontaneous
Expressive
Creative
Fun
Silly

96
Q

Playful adults have lower _, better _ styles, and like _ _ more.

A

Stress, coping, physical activity

97
Q

What are the blue zones?

A

Where people live to 100+

98
Q

What are the 9 characteristics of longevity? APS EFA FSS

A

Physically active
Purpose
Downshifting/decrease stress
No overeat and small meal evening afternoon
Fruit/Veg>Meat
Moderate alcohol
Faith-based community
Families first+social connection
Supportive social circle and friends

99
Q

What is positive coping?

A

Diminishing the physical, emotional, and psychological burden that is linked to stressful life events and daily hassles

100
Q

Great coping builds _ that help inhibit or buffer future stress.

A

Ressources

101
Q

Are daily hassles or large stressors worse?

A

Daily hassles built up

102
Q

What are Selye’s 3 steps of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

A

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

103
Q

Describe the three stages of Selye’s model.

A

Alarm: fight or flight
Resistance: Still vigilant
Exhaustion: Resources run out, vulnerable to disease

104
Q

Describe the physiological reactivity model.

A

Event-> Appraisal-> positive or negative emotion
Negative-> stress-> sympathetic activation (immune down and cardiovascular wear and tear)-> more susceptible to illness

105
Q

What does the physiological reactivity model describe?

A

Sustained physiological activation from stress can affect body systems and increase illness

106
Q

What are the two approaches to positive coping?

A

External environment focus or psychological factor focus

107
Q

What are the four subtypes of positive coping?

A

Emotion focused
Emotional avoidance
Problem-focused
Seek social support

108
Q

What did Stanton say about emotion-focused coping?

A

It is approach-oriented coping, active movement toward a stressful encounter

109
Q

What are Stanton’s 2 related processes of emotion-focused coping?

A

Emotional processing
Emotional expression

110
Q

Emotion-focused coping is _ oriented.

A

Approach

111
Q

What are the 4 examples of effective approach oriented emotion-focused coping?

A

Cancer
Parental illness
Infertility
Chronic pain

112
Q

Can emotional avoidance be appropriate coping?

A

For a short amount of time so it is not so taxing

113
Q

What is the emotional balancing act?

A

Using emotional avoidance only for so long and so much

114
Q

Lack of balance in emotional avoidance leads to poor _ _.

A

Decision-making

115
Q

To win the emotional balancing act, we need to…

A

Diversify our coping skills repertoire

PSYC 380-Positive Psychology (9 decks)

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