Chapter 6: Positive Health Flashcards
What is health, according to the old WHO definition?
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being?
Physical health is often defined as the _ of illness.
Absence
What two other things can be part of physical health?
Wellness, vitality
We argue now that well-being is a _ over _.
spectrum, categories
What are the 5 parts of wellness?ZPMSS
Zest,
potential,
meaning
social responsibility,
skills for adapting to challenges
Wellness is an alternative approach to _, which allows for people with chronic illnesses.
Health
What is vitality?
A positive feeling of aliveness and energy
How can you enhance vitality?
Activities that help with self-determination needs
What are the three self-determination needs? (CAR)
Competence, autonomy, relatedness
Vitality is a factor in _ due to its association with _.
Longevity, autonomy
What are the three measures of vitality? BSF
Biological markers (good health), subjective experiences (being happy and feeling good), functional abilities (having appropriate help, being able to do what you need to)
What is exercises relationship with well-being?
Regular exercises helps health and psychological well-being
Vigorous physical activity leads to a stronger relationship between _ and _ health.
Exercise, positive health
Overtraining has a _ impact on wellbeing. Why?
Negative
Injury, pain
What increases motivation for exercise?
Positive attitude
What is health psychology?
A field of psychology dedicated to understanding and applying psychological principles to improving the health of individuals.
What does the biological part of health psychology include?
Gender, disability, physical health, neurochemistry, stress reactivity, genetic vulnerability
What does the psychological part of health psychology include?
Behaviour, personality, attitudes and beliefs, learning and memory, coping and social skills, self-esteem and emotions
What does the social part of health psychology include?
Education, social support, peer relationships, family background, socioeconomic status
Health psychology takes a _ approach.
Biopsychosocial
What is psychoneuroimmunology?
Sub realm of health psychology, stress and its impact on the immune system
What are the three parts of psychoneuroimmunology?
Psychological processes, functioning of the nervous system, the body’s immune system
Psychoneuroimmunology argues that psychological issues are not only in the _.
Head
T-cells or S-IgA antibodies are related to _ factors and _ functioning.
Psychological, immune
What are the types of cells that are related with immune functioning?
T-cells or S-IgA antibodies
When you have a psycho-emotional intervention, _ cells or _ antibodies go up and the immune system functions better.
T-cells or S-IgA antibodies
_ people live longer.
Positive
Positive emotions influence the _ nervous system. Which system does it get going? What type of health does this help with?
Autonomic
Parasympathetic
Immune
Positive emotions promote…
Positive health
What is heart rate variability?
A measure of the variability in between the time of each heartbeat
HRV measures self-_ strength.
Self-regulatory
High HRV leads to a higher ability to regulate…
Thoughts, emotions and behaviours
The HRV and self-regulatory abilities are a _.
Correlation
How do people with high HRV react emotionally and socially?
More positive emotions
More socially connected
How can HRV be increased?
Physical exercise, yoga, meditation
What is coherence?
Brain and body function in sync. Optimal performance.
What can you do to get more coherence?
Meditate
What causes incoherence?
Frustration, negative emotions
When we are incoherent, what is out of sync?
Our parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
What is coherence physiologically?
immune, hormonal and nervous systems in energetic coordination.
Name emotions and feelings that create coherence.
Courage, honour, dignity
Confidence
Appreciation, gratitude
Kindness
Care, love
Compassion
Tolerance, patience
Enthusiasm and joy
Loneliness can have a negative effect on _ functioning and _ well-being.
Immune, psychological
What are the four things social support helps with medically? MMBE
Compliance with medical treatments
Reduce levels of medication
Adoption of health-promoting behaviours
Positive emotions
What is the direct effects hypothesis?
Social support directly impacts us via guidance, positive emotions and empathy
What is the buffering hypothesis?
The presence of social support helps shield from negative impact of stress.
What are the four types of social support?
Emotional support (shows concern)
Tangible or instrumental (materials)
Informational (Advice)
Companionship (sense of belonging)
What are the three types of friendships? + define.
Utility (business)
Pleasure (similar interests)
Virtue (commitment to one another)
Children need to have _.
Friends
Having a close friend leads to better _ overall.
Health
_ only need to be married to be benefit in health from marriage, while _ need a good quality marriage to benefit.
Men
Women
Perceptions of love can lead to lowered risk of _ disease, u_, h_ and _ abuse.
Heart
Ulcers
Hypertension
Alcohol
Nature evokes _ and a sense of deeper _.
Pleasure
Meaning
Forest bathing allows the mind to be _ and _. It also allows for lower…
Clearer and sharper
Stress and blood pressure
Nature can create _ experiences.
Transcendant
People can cognitively improve _ and _.
Attention and recovery
How is touch associated with positive health?
Increases caring, compassion, empathy, release of oxytocin
Touch can help reduce _ and be supportive in treatment of _ disorders.
Pain
Psychological
_ reduces fatigue in lukemia patients.
Touch
ST can also have positive benefits.
Self-touch
Compassion influences _ system responses in both…
Immune
Us and others
What was the Mother Theresa Film study? What made it work even better?
PPs showed increase immune system functioning after watching a film about her helping.
If they felt loved.
High volunteering is associated with increased _.
Longevity
Helping others is more associated with _.
Well-being
Altruism is a way to get people away from their…
Own concerns
Altruism increases social _ and promotes _ emotions.
Bonds
Positive
Humour has been related to…
Personal adjustment and well-being
A good sense of humour helps people recover quicker from…
Illness
Humour can enhance _ system functioning.
Immune
What are laugh clubs?
Groups to laugh as hard as possible for 15-20 minutes`
The act of _ is healing in itself.
laughing
The act of writing down thoughts about your traumatic event is…
beneficial
Sharing _ emotions when writing about trauma is better than just sharing _ emotions.
Negative
Positive
What are Pennebakers 6 recommendations when writing to deal with stressors? CAS EPS
What concerns you
Write alone
Dont worry about spelling
Write about event + feelings
Writing private
Let yourself feel sad
How can you move towards post-traumatic growth rather than PTSD?
Opening up, emotional story-telling and benefit finding
What is the cognitive mediation approach?
The meaning we bring to the situation
Cognitive styles are very important for positive _.
Coping
Positive cognitive style is a _ _ trait.
Top down
What is the stress process?
Stressful events-> appraisal-> emotional, physiological, behavioural response
What is optimism?
Generalized expectancy that good things will happen in the future
Optimism is related to _ health outcomes.
Positive
Optimism leads to a _ quality of life.
Higher
Percieved _ of control is associated with negative affectivity.
Lack
High self-_ leads to more control over health.
Efficacy
What is hardiness? (3) CCC
Combination of: sense of control, perceive stress as challenge not crisis, commitment to various areas of life.
_ processes help create a sense with hardiness.
Cognitive
High hardiness is associated with self-_ processes.
Enhancement, positive self concept and internal control
What is zestful old age?
Surviving into late adulthood with physical and mental well-being.
What are the three broad dimensions of peak aging (Eric Erikson) and definitions? IWP
Insight: heightened reality, discernment
Wisdom: emotional maturity, sound judgement, able reasoning
Playfulness: vital quality of elder living
Positive health is associated with _, which comes from more positive and less negative emotions that boost _.
Longevity
Immunity
What has the greatest effect on longevity?
Social relationships
_ need positive relationships for well-being, positive health and longevity.
Women
People with more positive views about _ recover from illness better.
Aging
Playfulness is important for adult _.
Well-being
What does the Adult Playfulness Scale measure (5)? SECFS
Spontaneous (spont vs. disciplined; impulsive vs diligent)
Expressive (open vs reserved)
Creative (imaginative vs unimaginative)
Fun (bright vs. dull; excitable vs. serene)
Silly (childlike vs. mature; whimsical vs. practical)
What are the 5 Adult Playfulness Scales?
Spontaneous
Expressive
Creative
Fun
Silly
Playful adults have lower _, better _ styles, and like _ _ more.
Stress, coping, physical activity
What are the blue zones?
Where people live to 100+
What are the 9 characteristics of longevity? APS EFA FSS
Physically active
Purpose
Downshifting/decrease stress
No overeat and small meal evening afternoon
Fruit/Veg>Meat
Moderate alcohol
Faith-based community
Families first+social connection
Supportive social circle and friends
What is positive coping?
Diminishing the physical, emotional, and psychological burden that is linked to stressful life events and daily hassles
Great coping builds _ that help inhibit or buffer future stress.
Ressources
Are daily hassles or large stressors worse?
Daily hassles built up
What are Selye’s 3 steps of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Describe the three stages of Selye’s model.
Alarm: fight or flight
Resistance: Still vigilant
Exhaustion: Resources run out, vulnerable to disease
Describe the physiological reactivity model.
Event-> Appraisal-> positive or negative emotion
Negative-> stress-> sympathetic activation (immune down and cardiovascular wear and tear)-> more susceptible to illness
What does the physiological reactivity model describe?
Sustained physiological activation from stress can affect body systems and increase illness
What are the two approaches to positive coping?
External environment focus or psychological factor focus
What are the four subtypes of positive coping?
Emotion focused
Emotional avoidance
Problem-focused
Seek social support
What did Stanton say about emotion-focused coping?
It is approach-oriented coping, active movement toward a stressful encounter
What are Stanton’s 2 related processes of emotion-focused coping?
Emotional processing
Emotional expression
Emotion-focused coping is _ oriented.
Approach
What are the 4 examples of effective approach oriented emotion-focused coping?
Cancer
Parental illness
Infertility
Chronic pain
Can emotional avoidance be appropriate coping?
For a short amount of time so it is not so taxing
What is the emotional balancing act?
Using emotional avoidance only for so long and so much
Lack of balance in emotional avoidance leads to poor _ _.
Decision-making
To win the emotional balancing act, we need to…
Diversify our coping skills repertoire
