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PSYC 380-Positive Psychology > Chapter 2: Emotion, Motivation, and the Nature of Wellbeing > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Emotion, Motivation, and the Nature of Wellbeing Flashcards

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1
Q

There has been more study on _ emotions.

A

Negative.

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2
Q

What was the original research view of positive emotions?

A

Only hedonic (pleasure)

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3
Q

Alice Isen first studied _ emotions and found that when positive, humans will _ each other more and are better at -.

A

Positive
Help
Problem-Solving

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4
Q

Why do we help people and are better at problem-solving when happy?

A

There is increased flexibility in thinking.

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5
Q

What are Eckmans seven basic emotions?

A

Anger, sadness, disgust, contempt, happiness, fear, surprise

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6
Q

Positive and negative emotions are _.

A

Independent

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7
Q

What are Russells & Feldman’s core affect?

A

Our unique blend of the pleasant/unpleasant and the activated and deactivated dimensions that we carry with us almost unconsciously (baseline for us).

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8
Q

Where does core affect come from?

A

Biological, cognitive, behavioural, sociocultural influences

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9
Q

What are the dimensions of affect?

A

Pleasure and arousal

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10
Q

What are the barriers of our awareness to emotions (3)?

A

1) emotions discounted by others
2) Confuse thoughts and emotions
3) Lack vocab for how we feel

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11
Q

We often _, when our thoughts hijack our emotions.

A

Ruminate

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12
Q

Where is the happy brain?

A

Left prefrontal cortex, reward system

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13
Q

What can the advanced left prefrontal cortex do?(2)

A

1) Recover from and suppress negative emotions
2) Buddhist meditators show increased activation in the PFC

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14
Q

_ is partly associated with the prefrontal cortex.

A

Addiction

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15
Q

What is the body’s natural opiate?

A

Endorphins

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16
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Love, bonding, breastfeeding

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17
Q

What is the bliss molecule?

A

Anandamide, which binds to cannabinoid receptors and calms us

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18
Q

Meditation can cause _ of brain areas.

A

Growth

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19
Q

What matter increases in size in the brain with learning music and meditation?

A

Gray

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20
Q

What are the genetics of emotions?

A

They are 30-50% of variation

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21
Q

How much can family, environment and learning impact wellbeing?

A

22% of positive and 2% of negative

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22
Q

_% of positive emotionality
_% of negative emotionality
_% of overall well-being
is due to genetic influences

A

40
44
48

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23
Q

_% of positive emotionality
_% of negative emotionality
is due to environment and learning

A

22
2

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24
Q

Changing negative _ styles can change how we feel.

A

Thinking

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25
Q

What Is realistic optimism and what can it do? What can it also be called?

A

Optimism but with intention
It can change daily emotions
Learned optimism

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26
Q

What is mindfulness?

A

Paying attention, on purpose, without judgement, to thoughts feelings and sensations in the present moment

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27
Q

What did Zimbardo and Boyd’s model focus on?

A

How time can influence our thinking and happiness.

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28
Q

What are the 6 types that influence our happiness in Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Past-negative
Past-positive
Present-hedonistic
Present-fatalistic
Future-oriented
Transcendental-future

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29
Q

What is the past-negative type of Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Past in negative light, ruminate

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30
Q

What is the past-positive type of Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Nostalgia, ignore good in moment, ethan

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31
Q

What is the present-hedonistic type of Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Maximize pleasure now, care little about consequences

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32
Q

What is the present-fatalistic type of Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

powerless, can’t change present, no hope, Robert

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33
Q

What is the future-oriented type of Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Ambitious, ignore now, sense of urgency though, emma

34
Q

What is the transcendental-future type of Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Leave mark after they die

35
Q

What measures Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

36
Q

What are the advantages of being future-focused in Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Better at delaying gratification and working towards long-term goals

37
Q

What are the advantages of being Present-focused in Zimbardo and Boyd’s model?

A

Better at living in the present, better satisfaction, ignore future goals

38
Q

What is the best way to be in Boyd and Zimbardo’s model?

A

Balanced, not too past present or future-focused.

39
Q

What did Zimbardo and Boyd find that produced wellbeing?

A

Living the month like it was your last, but may not be sustainable

40
Q

How can behaviour influence how we feel?(3)

A

Embodied cognition, facial feedback, positive practices

41
Q

What is embodied cognition?

A

The body interacts with the environment to contribute to cognition. We can choose how we react to an environment that influences our cognition

42
Q

What is the facial feedback hypothesis? What is an example of this?

A

Smiling creates happy. people with botox cant frown which can reduce depression

42
Q

What do positive practices lead to? List examples.

A

More positive emotions. Gratitude, complimenting others, connection

42
Q

What is the difference between character and virtues?

A

How you conduct yourself as a member of society (general) vs. your specific social strengths (specific)

43
Q

Strengths and virtues are _ for handling stress.

A

Tools

44
Q

What is the Clifton Strengthsfinder? How many themes and headings?

A

Quiz that looks at 34 themes under 4 headings

45
Q

What are the four headings and ideas of the Clifton StrengthsFinder?SIRE

A

Executing (responsibility, discipline ect.), influencing (command, self-assurance, woo), Relationship building (adaptibility, empathy, developer), strategic thinking (ideation, learner, context)

46
Q

What are our most important strengths called for the Clifton StrengthsFinder?

A

Signature strengths

47
Q

What is the difference with the Clifton Youth StrengthsExplorer?(How many themes, age and what extra ressources)

A

10 Talent Themes
Online for 10-14 year olds (2006)
Workbook and parent educator book

48
Q

There is no _ classification system for strengths.

A

Universal…Yet

49
Q

What are the three main classification of strengths models?

A

Clifton StrengthsFinder (Gallup themes of talent)
Values in action (VIA) classification of strengths
Search Institutes 40 developmental assets

50
Q

What are external assets? What are internal assets?

A

Assets outside of the child that help them grow well

51
Q

What are the 8 categories from the Search Institute 40 developmental assets?SEEC CVSI

A

Support, Empowerment, expectations, and constructive use of time. Commitment to learning, values, social , identity

52
Q

How many character strengths did the VIA_IS find?

A

24

53
Q

What are the 6 VIA-IS groups?WCH JTT

A

Wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, transcendence.

54
Q

How does the VIA scale define wisdom?

A

Creativity, love of learning, open-mindedness, perspective.

55
Q

How does the VIA scale define courage?

A

Honesty, persistance,zest

56
Q

How does the VIA scale define justice?

A

Fairness, leadership, teamwork

57
Q

How does the VIA scale define temperance?

A

Foregiveness, modesty, prudence, self-reg

58
Q

How does the VIA scale define transcendence?

A

appreciate beauty, gratitude, humour, religiousness

59
Q

The VIA is psychometrically sound, as in it has _ and _.

A

Reliability and validity

60
Q

The VIA strengths can _ over time.

A

Change

61
Q

What is intrinsic motivation? Is it autonomous or controlled?

A

Engagement in activity for its own sake. Autonomous

62
Q

What is extrinsic motivation? Is it autonomous or controlled?

A

Engagement to gain external reward. Controlled

63
Q

What are approach and avoidance goals?

A

Approach-Move towards (money)
Avoidance- Avoid difficulties (job)

64
Q

What are personal strivings?

A

Smaller abstract goals.

65
Q

What are extrinsic strivings?

A

Done for the sake of extrinsic rewards (money)

66
Q

What are introjected strivings?

A

Done by the perceived obligation to others. Married because of pregnancy

67
Q

What are identified strivings?

A

Pursuit of a goal others say is important. marriage

68
Q

What are intrinsic strivings?

A

Personally meaningful.Ex. special O

69
Q

What is the main part of hope theory? Describe.

A

Pathways: I have resources and ways to reach my goals
Agency: I have the self power to reach my goals

70
Q

What is the benefit of being hopeful?

A

Feel more positive emotions

71
Q

Hope predicts _ performance, _ performance, _ health and _ outcomes.

A

Academic, sports, physical, psychotherapy

72
Q

What is the most common theory of well-being?

A

Broaden and build model.

73
Q

What does the broaden and build model explain?

A

Positive emotions give us non-specific thought-action tendencies, unlike negative emotions (broaden)
We use this time to do whatever we want in order to build upon our ressources which leads to more positive emotions

74
Q

What is the engagement view of wellbeing?

A

Well-being is how absorbed we are in daily life.

75
Q

What did Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi find out about?

A

Flow states: period of intense concentration, ignore self, intrinsic rewards, distorted time.Need to match challenge and skills.

76
Q

What are the three main parts of self-determination theory?CRA

A

Competence, relatedness and autonomy

77
Q

What is competence in SDT?

A

Effective at dealing with environment

78
Q

What is autonomy in SDT?

A

Control over one’s life course

79
Q

What is relatedness in SDT?

A

Feeling like you are supported and have people, close relationships/

80
Q

What were Carol Ryff’s Facets of Psychological wellbeing?SPR APE

A

Self-acceptance
Personal growth
Positive relationships
Autonomy
Purpose in life
Environmental mastery

PSYC 380-Positive Psychology (9 decks)

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