chapter 8 vitamins Flashcards
a vitamin is a
complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic process in the body
a vitamin meets the following criteria
- the body cannot synthesize the compound or make enough to maintain good health
- it occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods
- signs and symptoms of a health problem eventually occur when the substance is missing from the diet
- good health is restored if the deficiency disorder is treated early by supplying the missing substance
it is ___ that any vitamins still need to be discovered
unlikely
why is it unlikely that any vitamins still need to be discovered
babies grow and thrive on infant formulas
very ill people who cannot eat solid foods can be kept alive for years on liquid synthetic feedings that contain all known nutrients
if a vitamin remained undiscovered, infants and people who are unable to consume solid foods would not be able to survive on formula diets
the body requires vitamins in ___ or ___ amounts
milligram, microgram
bone health vitamins
a, d, k, c
energy metabolism vitamins
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, b-12, b-6
blood clotting vitamin
k
amino acid metabolism vitamins
b-6, folate, b-12, c, choline
antioxidant defense vitamins
e, c, carotenoids
immune function vitamins
a, c, d, e
RBC formation vitamins
b-6, b-12, folate, riboflavin
growth and development vitamins
a, d, choline
monosaccharides vitamin energy metabolism
thiamin, pantothenic acid, niacin, biotin
fatty acids and glycerol vitamin energy metabolism
all B except b-6
amino acid vitamin energy metabolism
b-6, b-12, biotin, folate
vitamins for intermediate energy-yielding compounds
riboflavin, niacin, folate, b-12
oxidizing agent
substance that removes electrons from atoms or molecules
oxidation reactions can form
unstable substances: radicals
most radicals are
highly reactive
why are radicals highly reactive
unpaired electron
radicals can remove
electrons from more stable molecules
radical damage may contribute to
serious chronic diseases and the aging process
radical formation:
1. a radical acts as an ___ by ____
arrow, hitting a vulnerable molecule, such as DNA