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Psych 2530 Personality > Chapter 8: Traits > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Traits Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Nomothetic view of Traits?

A

The belief that traits exist in the same way in every person

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2
Q

What is the Idiographic view of Traits?

A

The belief that each person has a unique set of traits

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3
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
A kind person might become aggressive in a particular situation

A

Person/Environment Interaction

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4
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
We tend to see different situations and stimuli in the same way. Ex: If a person’s goal is social approval, there’ll be a consistency towards their behaviours

A

Functional Equivalence

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5
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
Traits shared by most people in a culture

A

Common Traits

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6
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
A trait unique to the person

A

Personal Disposition

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7
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
There’s no point in looking where your traits come from - it’s become functionally autonomous

A

Functional Autonomy of Motives

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8
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
The core of personality

A

Proprium

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9
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
A small group of traits that best describes your personality

A

Central Dispositions/Traits

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10
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
Personal Disposition that dominates personality

A

Cardinal Dispositions/Traits

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11
Q

Name the Trait Approach:
Traits that are inconsistent and infrequent

A

Secondary Dispositions/Traits

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12
Q

What is Factor Analysis?

A

Clumps together the items that correlate highly together

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13
Q

What is the Lexical Hypothesis?

A

Traits important for survival became embedded in language; most important traits represented by the largest number of words. (friendliness, agreeableness)

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14
Q

What is Q-Data?

A

Gathered from self-reports and questionnaires

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15
Q

What is T-Data?

A

Observational ratings

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16
Q

What is L-Data?

A

Lide data

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17
Q

What are Component Traits?

A

Your habits and preferences

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18
Q

Eysenck - Introversion and Emotional Stability

A

A person who is controlled, careful, thoughtful, calm, and self-reflective

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19
Q

Eysenck - Introversion and Neuroticism

A

Someone who is highly anxious, quiet, withdrawn, pensive, and worried

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20
Q

Eysenck - Extraversion and Emotional stability

A

People who have lots of friends, not many worries or anxieties, sociable, easy going, and socially skilled

21
Q

Eysenck - Extraversion and Neuroticism

A

Someone with lots of anxiety, difficult time managing emotions, outwardly focused, histrionic, worried all the time, impulsive, aggressive, and excitable

22
Q

Eysenck - Psychoticism

A

A tendency towards being emotionally detached, lack of empathy and concern

23
Q

The 5 Factor Model - Extraversion scale

A

Someone assertive, spontaneous, confident, sociable, etc.
On the opposite end, quiet, introspective, pessimistic, cautious.

24
Q

The 5 Factor Model - Neuroticism

A

Anxiety, distress, emotional instability, stress, etc.
Opposite end - Stable, calm, even tempered, focused

25
Q

The 5 Factor Model - Agreeableness

A

Focused on relationships, emotionally supportive, trusting, altruistic, sympathetic
Opposite end - skeptic, cynicism, hostile, dishonest

26
Q

The 5 Factor Model - Conscientiousness

A

Planning, persistent, goal oriented, responsible, orderly
Opposite end - Risky behaviours, careless, impulsive, irresponsible, late, disorganized

27
Q

The 5 Factor Model - Openness to Experience

A

Imaginative, curious, artistic, liberalism, unconventional
Opposite end - Rigid, predictable, traditionally bound, conforming

28
Q

Alternative Perspectives - Honesty & Humility

A

Trustworthiness, fairness, sincerity, modesty
*Argued as a component of agreeableness

29
Q

Nonclinical Psychopathy

A

being unemotional, very impulsive, not much empathy, high in risk taking

30
Q

Nonclinical Narcissism

A

entitlement, superiority complex, arrogant, self-centred

31
Q

Machiavellianism

A

cynical, manipulative, using others to satisfy your own goals, lack of empathy, cold, distant

32
Q

Condensing Traits - Socialization

A

neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

33
Q

Condensing Traits - Actualization

A

extraversion, openness, represents personal growth and development

34
Q

Condensing Traits - Stability vs. Plasticity

A

stability instead of socialization - Plasticity instead of Actualization

35
Q

Motives - Achievement

A

the need to accomplish things, complete goals, do well

36
Q

Motives - Affiliation

A

the need to be close with others

37
Q

Motives - Power and Dominance

A

the need to control yourself and others, take leadership positions

38
Q

Motives - Exhibition

A

the need to be recognized, the want for accolades

39
Q

Expressiveness

A

vocal characteristics, facial expressions, gestures and movements

40
Q

Prayer Fulfillment

A

feelings of joy from a connection to God

41
Q

Universality

A

seeing all of humanity as a part of an integrated whole

42
Q

Connectedness

A

feeling of belongingness, social responsibility, and gratitude for others

43
Q

Personality Coherence

A

the trait stays the same but the way it is expressed changes

44
Q

Mean Level Changes

A

how your personality changes with age - often becomes more stable

45
Q

Rank Order Changes

A

what are the changes in your personality compared to the other people your age?

46
Q

Quantum Changes

A

when personalities change radically (usually due to a significant experience)

47
Q

Temperament

A

is predictive of personality traits in childhood and adolescence

48
Q

Social Investment Theory

A

young people’s personalities mature and stabilize as they enter important adult roles

Psych 2530 Personality (8 decks)

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