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Psych 2530 Personality > Ch 5: Biological Factors > Flashcards

Ch 5: Biological Factors Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavioural Genomics

A

How gene and gene networks function with each other and the environment to influence behaviour

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2
Q

Behavioural Genetics

A

The study of how individual differences in biology affect behaviour

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3
Q

Heritability

A

Most personality traits have a heritability score of .4 or .6

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4
Q

Epigenetics - Exons

A

Coding regions in DNA

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5
Q

Epigenetics - Introns

A

Noncoding regions of DNA

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6
Q

Epigenetics - DNA Methylation

A

When Introns determine if an Exon is turned on or off

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7
Q

Epigenetics - Positional Cloning

A

Replacing faulty genetic codes with new and improved codes that have been cloned to match the person’s genetics as much as possible

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8
Q

The 4 aspects of Temperament

A
  1. Activity
  2. Emotionality
  3. Sociability
  4. Agressive/Impulsivity
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9
Q

Temperament traits:

A

Relatively stable, expressed through general energy level, evident from childhood, determined by gene factors, etc.

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10
Q

Temperament of Extraversion

A

Positive emotions, reward sensitivity, sociability, approach tendencies

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11
Q

Temperament of Neuroticism

A

Negative emotions, anxiety, punishment sensitivity, tendency to withdraw

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12
Q

Temperament of Impulsivity

A

Psychoticism, lack or constraint, sensation seeking, novelty seeking lack of conscientiousness, lack of aggreableness

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13
Q

The 3 Brain-Behaviour systems

A
  1. Fight, Flight, Freeze
  2. Behavioural Activation System
  3. Behavioural Inhibition system
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14
Q

Fight, Flight, Freeze

A

Determines sympathetic response stimuli, related to a serotonin activity

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15
Q

Behavioural Activation System

A

Associated with responses to pleasant and rewarding stimuli, dopamine activity

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16
Q

Behavioural Inhibition System

A

Associated with a sensitivity to punishment and cautiousness, norepinephrine and dopamine fluctuate

17
Q

Left side of the brain

A

more associated with positive emotions

18
Q

Right side of the brain

A

more negative eomotions

19
Q

Grey Matter differences

A

introverts have more grey matter

20
Q

What does the Amygdala respond to?

A

It responds to emotional content (sensitive to fear and danger)

21
Q

Characteristics of Neuroticism

A
  • tend to have a very active amygdala
  • heightened reactivity to anything that is surprising, unusual, little bit different
22
Q

Characteristics of Extraversion

A
  • highly active amygdala but in a different part than in neuroticism; creates positive arousal
  • more of an emotional reaction associated with excitement
23
Q

High impulsivity is linked to…

A

a greater activity in the Ventral Striatum - tied to rewards (i.e. money, food, etc.)

24
Q

High impulsivity individuals take more time to recover from…

A

negative emotions - more difficulty self-regulating

25
Q

Low impuslivity individuals tend to do better…

A

managing impulses and emotions - do better with everyday life

26
Q

Higher testosterone is liked to:

A

Impulsivity - risk taking, aggression, dominance, etc.

27
Q

Lower level of dopamine associated with…

A

Impulsivity

28
Q

What is Genotype-Environment Interaction?

A

People respond differently to the same environment because of their genotype

29
Q

Define Passive Genotype-Environment Correlation

A

Parents provide the genes and the environment that develops those genes

30
Q

Define Reactive Genotype-Environment Correlation

A

Genes elicit a response from others that encourage the genotype

31
Q

Define Active Genotype-Environment Correlation

A

A person selects environments that encourages their genotype

32
Q

Define Positive Genotype-Environment Correlations

A

Conditions are favourable for Enhancing/Developing a particular characteristic

33
Q

Define Negative Genotype-Environment Correlations

A

Conditions that lead to the Lack of Development of particular characteristics

34
Q

What is Sociobiology?

A

the study of the influence of evolutionary biology on social behaviour

35
Q

What is Social Darwinism?

A

Societies and cultures could be more or less genetically advantaged

36
Q

Aspects of a Need for Belonging

A
  • Shared skills help to keep the group safe and together
  • Social exclusion causes the body to react as if it’s experiencing physical pain, but emotionally
37
Q

Aspects of “Attachment”

A
  • Offspring has a better change of survival if positively attached to the mother/protector
38
Q

Aspects of Adaptiveness of certain personality traits

A
  • Extroverts enhance survival by going out and hunting
  • Introverts kept the place safe
  • When the environment changed, the variety helps with survial

Psych 2530 Personality (8 decks)

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