Ch 6: Behaviourism and Learning Aspects of Personality Flashcards
How much of our behaviour is Higher Order Conditioning?
Most of our behaviour ex: comforting voice sounds to baby pairs that with feeling good
Generalization
Similar kinds of stimuli are generalized, even with different but similar stimuli - ex: two very different looking dogs are generalized both as dogs
Discrimination
When the stimulus is so different and it can’t be generalized - ex: radishes for Valentines Day
Extinction
A broken association to a conditioned response - ex: smelling an ex-gf’s perfume but now it’s tied to negative feelings
Habituation
not reacting or responding. Been there, done that
Conditioning of Likes and Dislikes
This is how they’re learned and developed - ex: if you dislike someone and meet their spouse, you’ll quickly be able to come up with something not to like about them too.
What is Shaping Behaviour based on?
It is based on reinforcements and punishment
Positive Reinforcement is…
Providing a reward or stimuli for a behaviour
Negative Reinforcement is…
Taking away something bad
Positive Punishment is…
Giving you something bad, aversive, or unpleasant. Sometimes a natural consequence of the behaviour
Negative Punishment is…
Removing something positive - ex: getting a fine (money), going to prison (freedom)
What 2 qualities can Self-Reinforcement increase?
- Self-control
- Conscientiousness
What are Behavioural Records?
After a behaviour, you record what the intention/reinforcement was for the behaviour in that environment
What is Reciprocal Determinism?
The idea that we can change how we respond to reinforcements
Discriminative Stimulus
Signals from the environment saying reinforcement will be available, so then different behaviours are engaged.
Partial Reinforcement Schedule
Only giving into a behaviour once-in-awhile, making it very difficult to change.
Social Learning Theory
When we experience a drive, we have formed a hierarchy of responses
Conflict between drives - Approach/Approach Conflict
Two options that lead to reinforcement. You don’t end up choosing any because the decision is tough.
Conflict between drives - Avoidance/Avoidance Conflict
Both options aren’t great with maximizing the reinforcement
Conflict between drives - Approach/Avoidance Conflict
This leads to neuroticism, it’s reinforcing but punishing
