Ch 7: Cognitive and Social Cognitive Aspects of Personality Flashcards
What is Gestalt Psychology?
We organize information into meaningful perceptions, seeking meaning in our environments.
Lewin - What is Life Space?
External and internal forces that act on individuals and the relationships between them and their environment
Cognitive Styles - Field Dependent
Relying a great deal on the environment to problem solve (holistic method)
Cognitive Styles - Field Independent
A more analytical approach to the problem. Prefers solitary activities. Less conforming and more independent of others.
Cognitive Styles - Cognitive Complexity
The number of elements used to analyze an event or entity. Someone comfortable with a lot of different elements
Cognitive Styles - Learning Style
The way an indiviual approaches a learning task
What is a Schema?
A prototype or “script”. aka typical scenario
What is Social Cognition?
All thoughts you have about yourself, other people, and situations
What is Attention Control?
What you are paying attention to in the environment - generally what is important to you
Define Social Intelligence
skills and knowledge about intrapersonal situations - interacting with others
What is Emotional Intelligence?
being aware of self-emotions and others.
Kelly - Personal Constructs
Constructing our own idea of reality and basing our behaviours on that
Explanatory Styles - Achievement (Optimistic)
Optimistic people tend to believe that if you put in the effort, you get achievement back
Explanatory Styles - Health (Optimistic)
Greater life satisfaction and well-being - “self-fulfilling prophecies”
What is Defensive Pessimism?
Not expecting to do well but still try for good outcomes, that way there’s less disappointment if failure is the outcome
Unrealistic Optimisim
Not needing to do anything because everything will be fine
What are Outcome Expectations?
Anticipated consequences (positive or negative) as a result of engaging in a behaviour.
What is Reinforcement Value
How much to i want that (a specific) outcome, and if I don’t want it, that behaviour is unlikely to happen
Describe Psychological Situation
An individual’s unique combination of outcome expectations and reinforcement value to determine the behaviour in a situation
What is Self-Efficacy
The belief that one can successfully perform a particular action in a particular situation
Rotter - Locus of Control is…
The perceptions of where the cause of actions and events originate and the ability to control reinforcements and outcomes (or punishments)
Rotter - External Locus of Control
You believe that the outcomes in your life are based on something outside yourself (luck, fate, whims of others, etc.)
Rotter - Internal Locus of Control
Individuals with a strong internal locus of control believe events in their life are primarily a result of their own actions
Internal Locus of Control - Diets
Individuals who take more responsibility of their diet
