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Psych 2530 Personality > Ch 7: Cognitive and Social Cognitive Aspects of Personality > Flashcards

Ch 7: Cognitive and Social Cognitive Aspects of Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Gestalt Psychology?

A

We organize information into meaningful perceptions, seeking meaning in our environments.

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2
Q

Lewin - What is Life Space?

A

External and internal forces that act on individuals and the relationships between them and their environment

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3
Q

Cognitive Styles - Field Dependent

A

Relying a great deal on the environment to problem solve (holistic method)

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4
Q

Cognitive Styles - Field Independent

A

A more analytical approach to the problem. Prefers solitary activities. Less conforming and more independent of others.

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5
Q

Cognitive Styles - Cognitive Complexity

A

The number of elements used to analyze an event or entity. Someone comfortable with a lot of different elements

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6
Q

Cognitive Styles - Learning Style

A

The way an indiviual approaches a learning task

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7
Q

What is a Schema?

A

A prototype or “script”. aka typical scenario

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8
Q

What is Social Cognition?

A

All thoughts you have about yourself, other people, and situations

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9
Q

What is Attention Control?

A

What you are paying attention to in the environment - generally what is important to you

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10
Q

Define Social Intelligence

A

skills and knowledge about intrapersonal situations - interacting with others

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11
Q

What is Emotional Intelligence?

A

being aware of self-emotions and others.

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12
Q

Kelly - Personal Constructs

A

Constructing our own idea of reality and basing our behaviours on that

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13
Q

Explanatory Styles - Achievement (Optimistic)

A

Optimistic people tend to believe that if you put in the effort, you get achievement back

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14
Q

Explanatory Styles - Health (Optimistic)

A

Greater life satisfaction and well-being - “self-fulfilling prophecies”

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15
Q

What is Defensive Pessimism?

A

Not expecting to do well but still try for good outcomes, that way there’s less disappointment if failure is the outcome

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16
Q

Unrealistic Optimisim

A

Not needing to do anything because everything will be fine

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17
Q

What are Outcome Expectations?

A

Anticipated consequences (positive or negative) as a result of engaging in a behaviour.

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18
Q

What is Reinforcement Value

A

How much to i want that (a specific) outcome, and if I don’t want it, that behaviour is unlikely to happen

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19
Q

Describe Psychological Situation

A

An individual’s unique combination of outcome expectations and reinforcement value to determine the behaviour in a situation

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20
Q

What is Self-Efficacy

A

The belief that one can successfully perform a particular action in a particular situation

21
Q

Rotter - Locus of Control is…

A

The perceptions of where the cause of actions and events originate and the ability to control reinforcements and outcomes (or punishments)

22
Q

Rotter - External Locus of Control

A

You believe that the outcomes in your life are based on something outside yourself (luck, fate, whims of others, etc.)

23
Q

Rotter - Internal Locus of Control

A

Individuals with a strong internal locus of control believe events in their life are primarily a result of their own actions

24
Q

Internal Locus of Control - Diets

A

Individuals who take more responsibility of their diet

25
Q

Internal Locus of Control - Health Directives

A

Individuals engage in less drugs, smoking, drinking too much, etc.

26
Q

Internal Locus of Control - Stress

A

Individuals can maintain focus better while under stress

27
Q

Internal Locus of Control - Happiness

A

Being happier can boost your immune system

28
Q

Individualistic cultures have more people with a _______ locus of control

A

Internal

29
Q

Collectivist cultures have more people with an _______ locus of contorl

A

external

30
Q

What is Primary Control?

A

It is about Behaviour and changing the situation you’re in

31
Q

Secondary Control?

A

Changing the focus to the positive?
“How can I change the way I think about the situation?”

32
Q

Bandura - Self-System

A

A set of cognitive processes by which a person perceives, evaluates, and regulated their own behaviour so it is appropriate to the environment and helps them achieve their goals

33
Q

Observational Learning - Attention - Models

A

Who we observe

34
Q

Observational Learning - Attention - What we Observe

A

What we’re looking at

35
Q

Observational Learning - Attention - Imitation

A

Children learn to imitate their parents mannerisms, speech patterns, etc.

36
Q

Observational Learning - Vicarious Learning

A

Learning from others and the consequences of their behaviours

37
Q

Observational Learning - Retention Memory

A

About Coding and Remembering (Image and Verbal coding)

38
Q

Human Agency is about…

A

People shape their own life circumstances

39
Q

Intentionality is…

A

Forming goals, usually based on your values and principles

40
Q

What is Forethought?

A

Focusing on a selection of goals and strategies over others

41
Q

Self-Reactiveness?

A

Assessment of your strategies for reaching your goals

42
Q

Self-Reflection

A

Having an awareness of your self and goals

43
Q

Lack of Expectancy of Success leads to…

A

A disengagement from your goals

44
Q

Self control is…

A

A delay of gratification

45
Q

Self-Efficacy is…

A

Confidence in knowing how to manage the delay of gratification

46
Q

External Reinforcers are…

A

Rewarding yourself for good behaviours

47
Q

Internal Reinforcers are…

A

feelings of accomplishment and pride in a job well done, etc.

48
Q

Persistence is…

A

Having an achievable goal to work towards and not quitting.

Psych 2530 Personality (8 decks)

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