Chapter 8 terms

Question 1

Shi’ites

Answer 1

branch of Islam that believed religious leadership belonged to direct descendants of Mohamed

Question 2

Sunnis

Answer 2

branch of Islam that believed religious leadership belonged to someone selected by the community

Question 3

Mecca

Answer 3

caravan city in the Arabian Peninsula, center of Islam

Question 4

Muhammad

Answer 4

founder of Islam

Question 5

Muslim

Answer 5

one who submits to God and accepts Muhammad as the last messenger of God, followers of Islam

Question 6

Islam

Answer 6

means “submission to the will of Allah”

Question 7

Medina

Answer 7

town that Muhammad fled to when persecuted by the Meccans in 622 CE, place of the hijra (beginning of Muslim calendar)

Question 8

Umma

Answer 8

community defined solely by acceptance of Islam and of Muhammad as the Messenger of God

Question 9

Caliphate

Answer 9

religious government established by the leaders who came after Muhammad

Question 10

Qu’ran/Koran

Answer 10

book of religious teachings that guide the followers of Islam

Question 11

Umayyads

Answer 11

the first strong Caliphate, established in 661 CE

Question 12

Abbasids

Answer 12

overthrew the last Umayyad, established the second caliphate

Question 13

Mamluks

Answer 13

Turkic slaves established as a standing army to protect the caliph

Question 14

Ghana

Answer 14

African city-state

Question 15

Ulama

Answer 15

people with religious knowledge, social group of religious scholars

Question 16

Hadith

Answer 16

reports that were said to convey the precise words or deeds of Muhammad