Chapter 1 terms

Question 1

Civilization

Answer 1

settled agricultural life and certain political, socials, economic and technological traits

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

learned patterns of action and expression

Question 3

History

Answer 3

the subject of the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices and events

Question 4

Stone Age

Answer 4

Earliest period of human history, when rough stone tools were used. Another word for “Paleolithic” Era

Question 5

Paleolithic

Answer 5

paleo - “ancient” and lithic - “rock/stone” Another word for “Stone Age” when rough stone tools were used

Question 6

Neolithic

Answer 6

neo - “New” and lithic - “rock/stone” Another word for the later part of the stone age when more polished stone tools were used

Question 7

Foragers

Answer 7

people who hunted and gathered food

Question 8

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 8

changeover from food gathering to food production

Question 9

Holocene

Answer 9

era of significant global warming after 9000 BCE

Question 10

Megaliths

Answer 10

“mega” - large, “liths” - stone. Assemblages of big stones that relate to religious beliefs

Question 11

Babylon

Answer 11

most important city in southern Mesopotamia between 2000-1000 BCE

Question 12

Sumer

Answer 12

the world’s first urban civilization, serves as the division between pre-history and history.

Question 13

Semitic

Answer 13

family of languages spoken in parts of western Asia and northern Africa

Question 14

city-state

Answer 14

self-governing urban center and the agricultural territories it controlled

Question 15

Hammurabi

Answer 15

Amorite king who initiated a series of aggressive military campaigns

Question 16

Scribe

Answer 16

administrator or scholar charged with reading and writing tasks

Question 17

Ziggurat

Answer 17

multistory, mud-brick, pyramid-shaped tower

Question 18

Amulet

Answer 18

small charm meant to protect the bearer from evil

Question 19

Cuneiform

Answer 19

wedge-shaped writing used in Mesopotamia

Question 20

Pharaoh

Answer 20

king of Egypt

Question 21

Ma’at

Answer 21

Egyptian belief in a divinely authorized order of the universe

Question 22

Pyramid

Answer 22

series of stone platforms laid one on top of the other

Question 23

Memphis

Answer 23

capital of the Old Kingdom in Egypt

Question 24

Thebes

Answer 24

capital of the Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt

Question 25

Hieroglyphics

Answer 25

early Egyptian writing that used picture symbols

Question 26

Papyrus paper

Answer 26

writing material made from the stems of the papyrus reed

Question 27

Mummy

Answer 27

dehydrated and preserved human body

Question 28

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Answer 28

two ancient urban sites that typify the Indus Valley civilization