Chapter 4 terms

Question 1

Cyrus

Answer 1

leader who united the Persian tribes and overthrew the Median empire around 550 BCE

Question 2

Darius I

Answer 2

leader who shifted the focus to Persian culture rather than Median culture

Question 3

Satrap

Answer 3

title for the governor of one of the 20 Persian provinces

Question 4

Persepolis

Answer 4

capital city of the Persian empire

Question 5

Zoroastrianism

Answer 5

Persian religion, main god was named Ahuramazda

Question 6

Polis

Answer 6

Greek word for city-state

Question 7

hoplites

Answer 7

heavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation

Question 8

tyrant

Answer 8

person who seized and held power in violation of the normal institutions and traditions of a community

Question 9

democracy

Answer 9

exercise of political power held by all adult males in the Greek states

Question 10

sacrifice

Answer 10

giving gifts to the gods in the hope that the gods would favor and protect you

Question 11

Herodotus

Answer 11

wrote a history of the Greeks called “The Histories”

Question 12

Pericles

Answer 12

finished the transfer of Athenian government to democracy

Question 13

Persian Wars

Answer 13

two Persian attacks on Greece in the 5th century BCE

Question 14

Trireme

Answer 14

sleek, fast vessel powered by 170 rowers

Question 15

Socrates

Answer 15

philosopher accused of corrupting the youth of Athens and put on trial

Question 16

Peloponnesian War

Answer 16

war between Athens and Sparta that took over most of the Greek world

Question 17

Alexander the Great

Answer 17

defeated the Persians and created a large empire

Question 18

Hellenistic Age

Answer 18

the age when the Greeks ruled the world (started with the conquests of Alexander)

Question 19

Ptolmies

Answer 19

Greek dynasty that ruled Egypt

Question 20

Alexandria

Answer 20

new capital city built on the Mediterranean in Egypt by the Ptolmaic dynasty