Chapter 8 - STIs Flashcards
STIs are often either ___ or ____
bacteria (treated with antibiotics) or viruses (symptom management)
STI screening
testing for STI even in the absence of symptoms; couple might decide to be screened before becoming sexually active together
STI testing
use when you have reason to suspect you may have been exposed to an infection
chlamydia
most common bacterial infection in Canada; young heterosexual people have the highest incidence in Canada; often asymptomatic but can be mild discharge from vagina, penis, or anus; can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
gonorrhea
bacterial; highest prevalence is men who have sex with men and travelers who had sex abroad; yellowish green discharge from the urethra, vagina, or anus; may cause PID in women and impede fertility
syphilis
bacterial; prevalence in MSM, travelers who had sex abroad, and visiting outbreak areas
primary: painless ulcer (chancre)
secondary: rash on palms, feet, and trunk
tertiary: affects blood vessels, heart, eyes, and brain
herpes
viral; can be transmitted when asymptomatic; painful blisters; ~13.6% of Canadians have type 2
HSV 1: orolabial and anogenital areas, “cold sores”
HSV 2: anogenital areas
human papillomavirus (HPV)
more than 120 types identified, more than 40 are transmitted sexually; transmitted by skin to skin; not a reportable disease; est. the most prevalent in CAN; common amongst uni students
____ types of HPV can lead to genital warts and low-grade genital disease
low risk
____ types of HPV can lead to precancerous lesions or cancer of thr genitals/mouth/resp. tr.
high risk
how many vaccines are approved for the prevention of HPV in Canada?
three
-prevent against high and low risk strains
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
most prevalent in MSM, injection drug users, and ppl from countries where HIV is endemic
how is HIV transmitted
when blood/bodily fluids come into contact; can be transmitted by sexual and non-sexual means; diagnosed by blood test
symptoms of HIV
flu-like; immune function will be compromised over time; if left further untreated it will progress to AIDS
treating HIV
anti-retroviral drugs must be taken with rigorous consistency in order to be effective; can make the infected indv viral load drop to such a low level that they may become less infectious or even non-infectious
-not a cure, virus will return if stopped
HIV transmission
treating HIV can prevent mother to infant transmission; post-exposure prophylaxis is available to professionals (nurses/police) who may have been accidentally exposed
hepatitis A
epidemic levels in “closed” communities such as prisons; contaminated food served in residential settings
transmitted by fecal-oral routes
jaundice and flu like symptoms
symptom-spec treatments + vax
hepatitis B
widespread among MSM, injection drug users, among people from countries where the disease is prevalent + where blood products aren’t screened
transmitted thru sexual contact and IV drug use
treated by antiviral drugs; vax available; safer IV use
hepatitis C
IV drug users, healthcare settings with poor infection control, and where blood products are not screened; prevalent among HIV pos MSM
transmitted by sexual contact
treated by antiviral drugs; safer IV use
trichomoniasis
protozoan infection commonly spread thru sexual contact; uncommon in canada more common in parts of africa; symptoms inc yellowish discharge but many are symptomatic; treated with oral drug (metronidazole); in/external condoms can help prevention
pubic lice and scabies
infestations of small parasites; uncommon un canada; transmitted by direct sexual contact and non direct contact with contaminated sheets; treated by ointments and shampoos
moniliasis
AKA candidiasis/thrush, vag yeast infection caused by overgrowth of naturally occurring vag organisms; symptoms include ithciness, odour, discharge; oral/topical drugs can be used as treatment
bacterial vaginosis
overgrowth of bacteria that normally lives in the vagina; not generally considered an STI but if left untreated could raise susceptibility to other STIs; oral drugs and/or nightly vaginal insertion of drugs for treatment
