Chapter 17 - Sexual Assault and Harassment

Question 1

DSM 5 does not cover rape specifically but does include…

Answer 1

frotteuristic disorder and sexual sadism disorder

Question 2

researchers argue that rapists should be defined under…

Answer 2

unspecified paraphilic disorder

Question 3

prior to 1983, “rape” was confined to meaning…

Answer 3

het intercpurse by a man on a woman outside of marriage

Question 4

canadian law emphasizes the ____ nature of sexual assault and not specifically the ____ nature

Answer 4

violent; sexual

Question 5

what are the three charges of sexual assault

Answer 5

sexual assault (minor or no injuries, 10 year sentence); sexual assault with a weapon or threats (14 year sentence); aggravated sexual assault (life)

Question 6

who is at risk of sexual assault

Answer 6

women especially uni age (20-25% experienced SA), indigenous people, gay people

Question 7

human sex trafficking

Answer 7

form of slavery that includes buying, selling, and smuggling human beings and forcing them to perform sexual acts

Question 8

rates of human trafficking in Canada

Answer 8

over 1000 ppl trafficked in and thru canada between 2009-2016
-indigenous women/girls are at a particular risk of domestic human trafficking; risk factors include poverty, DV. high crime rates, inadequate laws and services

Question 9

effects of SA

Answer 9

one of the most sever forms of trauma; can be felt for a year or more; some develop PTSD; fam/friends/partners may be affected

Question 10

rape trauma syndrome

Answer 10

acute phase: occurs immediately after assault
reorganizational phase: may last months or years

Question 11

rape myths as a reason for sexual assault

Answer 11

widely believed; used to legitimize rape; can cause society to not view an assault for what it is; most are false; connected to a broader rape culture

Question 12

situational characteristics (reasons)

Answer 12

more likely to occur in private places like houses or parties where people are using drugs or alcohol; more likely to occur where perpetrator is known to the victim; more likely to offend if they have access to a victim, lack social support, and misuse drugs; gender inequality and lack of protective laws may contribute to high levels of sexual assaults

Question 13

five core dynamic risk factors of offenders

Answer 13

intimacy deficits, offence-supportive social influences, offence-supportive attitudes, limited sexual regulation, limited general self regulation

Question 14

3 routes to sexual offending suggested by Martin Lalumiere

Answer 14

young male syndrome, competitive disadvantage, psychopathy

Question 15

ways of preventing sexual victimization against women

Answer 15

self defense training, assertiveness training, verbal and physical resistance training
-need prevention programs that stress the importance of consent and how to get it; programs that focus on incr knowledge/changing attitudes have not been overly effective

Question 16

practical advice following SA

Answer 16

provide support, ensure victim they are not to blame, get medical help if needed (forensics or meds for HIV/AIDS, STIs, pregnancy)

Question 17

sexual victimization of men

Answer 17

less than 30% of men have been sexually victimized; possible for a man to be a victim to another man or woman and to have a physical reaction despite fear/trauma

Question 18

childhood SA

Answer 18

addressed in the canadian laws on SA and several statuses in the CCC; related to dep/anx/PTSD/sexual dysfunction/adulthood interpersonal issues; some victims may become abusers as well

Question 19

sexual harassment

Answer 19

affects most people in their life; four definitions incl. legal, psychological/subjective, behavioural, sex-based

Question 20

effects of sexual harassment

Answer 20

can be traumatic and often cause long-term difficulties; low self esteem, irritability, withdrawal, dep/anx/lack of interest, panic attacks, sleeplessness, etc

Question 21

legal sanctions for sexual harassment

Answer 21

punishment does not include incarceration; dealt with as a human rights violation (fines up to 50k if found guilty)

Question 22

stalking

Answer 22

following, intimidating, or tracking someone against their will; known as a criminal harassment in CCC; 12-16% of women/4-7% of men have been stalked in their life

Question 23

effects of stalking

Answer 23

usually more chronic than sexual assault; can have sever psychological, economic, and social impacts; victims may avoid going out with friends or doing outside activities

Question 24

characteristics of stalkers

Answer 24

3/4 stalkers are male; many are between 35-40; many have psychological problems (delusional disorder, personality disorder, substance related disorder, psychotic disorder); criminal history is not uncommon

Question 25

legal sanctions for stalking

Answer 25

imprisonment for a time not any more than 10 years if found guilty; protection for those being stalked include peace bonds, restraining orders, protection orders