Chapter 15 - Variations in Sexual Behaviour

Question 1

what is “normal” sexual behaviour

Answer 1

statistically: prevelence of a sexual behaviour
sociocultural: what a culture deems acceptable or illegal

Question 2

atypical sexual behaviours are referred to as…

Answer 2

paraphiles

Question 3

paraphilic disorder

Answer 3

currently causing distress or impairment to the individual or causes personal harm/risk of harm t others when acted upon; exist on a continuum ranging from normal to abnormal

Question 4

diagnosis of paraphilic disorders

Answer 4

must have criterion A (the paraphilias) and criterion B (neg consequences) existing together for at least 6mo

Question 5

paraphilic preferences for atypical ACTIVITIES

Answer 5

courtship disorders (voyeuristic, exhibitionist, frotteuristic), algoganic disorders (sexual sadism and masochism)

Question 6

paraphilic preferences for atypical TARGETS

Answer 6

human targets (pedophilic), nonhuman (fetishistic, transvestic)

Question 7

voyeuristic disorder

Answer 7

observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sex; key is the unsuspecting part and the fear of getting caught; person has either acted upon these urges with an unconsenting perosn or the urges/fantasies have caused them distress/impairment

Question 8

exhibitionist disorder

Answer 8

exposing ones genitals to an unsuspecting person; legally called “indecent exposure” and is one of the most common law-breaking sexual acts; far more common in men

Question 9

frotteuristic disorder

Answer 9

engaging/fantasizing about rubbing against a nonconsenting person; typically male predator and female victim; occurs in crowded areas where perpetrator can say it was accidental

Question 10

sexual sadism disorder

Answer 10

inflicting pain and suffering on others; classified as a disorder when on a nonconsenting person or when a person is troubled by their own urges and fantasies

Question 11

sexual masochism disorder

Answer 11

experiencing pain/humiliation/suffering; classified as a disorder when urgers or fantasies cause significant personal impairment/distress/harm to oneself

Question 12

pedophilic disorder

Answer 12

attraction to children who are prepubescent; can be exclusive or non-exclusive (attracted to kids and adults)

Question 13

categories of pedophilia

Answer 13

classic: prepubescent children
hebephilic: pubescent
pedohebephilic: both
most are not violent nor do they prey on strangers

Question 14

fetishes and fetishistic disorder

Answer 14

persistent and repetitive use/dependence on non-living objects or a specific non-genital body part for arousal; called a disorder when it causes significant personal distress; typically develop in early childhood or adolescence

Question 15

transvestism and transvestic disorder

Answer 15

only those who find cross-dressing sexually arousing AND distressing are considered to have a disorder

Question 16

asphyxiophilia

Answer 16

oxygen deprivation to create sexual arousal or enhance excitement and orgasm

Question 17

zoophilia

Answer 17

erotic interest and/or sexual contact with an animal

Question 18

urophilia

Answer 18

erotic interest/sexual satisfaction from contact with urine

Question 19

coprophilia

Answer 19

erotic interest/sexual satisfaction from contact with feces

Question 20

saliromania

Answer 20

desire to soil/damage a person/their clothes/their image for sexual satisfaction

Question 21

necrophilia

Answer 21

sexual satisfaction from contact with a dead person

Question 22

feederism

Answer 22

sexual pleasure from weight gain or feeding

Question 23

sexsomnia

Answer 23

automatic, unintentional sexual behaviours during sleep

Question 24

klismaphilia

Answer 24

sexual arousal to enemas

Question 25

paraphilic infantilism

Answer 25

erotic/sexual interest in role playing as an infant

Question 26

acrotomophilia

Answer 26

erotic/sexual interest in amputees

Question 27

hypersexuality

Answer 27

excessive, insatiable sex drive that leads a person to continually pursue sexual encounters despite neg consequences; may be related to an impulse control issue

Question 28

what factors play a role in development/maintaing of paraphilias?

Answer 28

no one single accepted theory; contributing factors differ from one individual to another and very depending on the type of paraphilia; hard to study

Question 29

psychoanalytic theory (of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 29

thought to arise from castration anxiety and the oedipus complex

Question 30

learning theory (of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 30

can result from classical conditioning

Question 31

sexual compulsion (addiction) theory (of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 31

person has a pathological relationship to a sexual event or process

Question 32

cognitive theory (of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 32

may have a serious cognitive distortion in that they perceive unconventional stimulus as erotic

Question 33

assessing paraphilic disorders

Answer 33

consists of an interview (general background of client, famnily/education), mental and physical health history, extensive sexual and relationship history; may also include psychometrics; phallometric measures in (usually) criminal cases

Question 34

treatment of paraphilic disorders

Answer 34

no good evidence to suggest that interests can be changed; treatment can focus on management and integrating them in a healthier way

Question 35

cognitive-behavioural therapy and relapse-prevention (treatment of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 35

challenges distorted thinking, can be individual or group based; devises a safety plan to avoid risks

Question 36

self esteem and social-skills training (treatment of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 36

development of healthy social skills, anger, impulsiveness, mood management, etc

Question 37

mindfulness and emotional regulatiop (treatment of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 37

been suggested as an appropriate treatment method to target emotion regulation

Question 38

satiation therapy (treatment of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 38

redirecting sexual impulses to a more desirable target (fantasy) through masturbation, and then masturbating immediately again to the undesired fantasy

Question 39

orgasmic reconditioning (treatment of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 39

client masturbates to the paraphilic fantasy until the point of orgasm, at which time the fantasy is switched to a more socially acceptable one

Question 40

aversion therapy (treatment of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 40

paraphilic fantasies are linked with an unpleasant stimulus (smell, sickness, electric shock)

Question 41

community based support programs (treatment of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 41

often modelled on the 12-step program of AA

Question 42

medical treatments (treatment of paraphilic disorders)

Answer 42

pharmacological treatment (antidepressants, antiandrogen drugs)