Chapter 8: Static Assessments

Question 1

Static Posture

Answer 1

The starting point from which an individual moves.

Question 2

Altered Length-Tension Relationships

Answer 2

Occurs when the resting length of a muscle is too short or too long to generate optimal force.

Question 3

Upper Crossed Syndrome

Answer 3

A postural distortion syndrome characterized by a forward head and rounded shoulders with upper extremity muscle imbalances.

Question 4

Myofascia

Answer 4

Myofascia is a type of thin, strong, fibrous connective tissue that extends throughout your body to provide support and protection to your muscles and bones.

Question 5

Pattern Overload

Answer 5

Occurs when a segment of the body is repeatedly moved or chronically held in the same way, leading to a state of muscle overactivity.

Question 6

Postural Distortion

Answer 6

Malalignments of bodily segments that place undue stress on the joints; i.e., poor posture at one or more of the kinetic chain checkpoints.

Question 7

Ideal Posture in the Anterior View of the Foot and Ankle

Answer 7

Straight and parallel, not flattened or externally rotated.

Question 8

Ideal Posture in the Anterior View of the Knee

Answer 8

In line with the second and third toes (not adducted or abducted).

Question 9

Ideal Posture in the Anterior View of the LPHC

Answer 9

Level pelvis to the horizon.

Question 10

Ideal Posture in the Anterior View of the Shoulders and Thoracic Spine

Answer 10

Level, not elevated or rounded.

Question 11

Ideal Posture in the Anterior View of the Head and Cervical Spine

Answer 11

Neutral position.

Question 12

Ideal Posture in the Lateral View of the Foot and Ankle

Answer 12

Neutral position, leg vertical at a right angle to the sole of foot.

Question 13

Ideal Posture in the Lateral View of the Knee

Answer 13

Neutral position, not flexed nor hyperextended.

Question 14

Ideal Posture in the Lateral View of the LPHC

Answer 14

Pelvis in neutral position, not anteriorly or posteriorly rotated.

Question 15

Ideal Posture in the Lateral View of the Shoulders and Thoracic Spine

Answer 15

In line with the hips and ears.

Question 16

Ideal Posture in the Lateral View of the Head and Cervical Spine

Answer 16

Neutral position, not in cervical extension.

Question 17

Ideal Posture in the Posterior View of the Foot and Ankle

Answer 17

Heels are straight and parallel, not overly pronated (flattened).

Question 18

Ideal Posture in the Posterior View of the Knee

Answer 18

Neutral position, neither adducted nor abducted.

Question 19

Ideal Posture in the Posterior View of the LPHC

Answer 19

Pelvis level to the horizon.

Question 20

Ideal Posture in the Posterior View of the Shoulders and Thoracic Spine

Answer 20

Level, not elevated or rounded forward.

Question 21

Ideal Posture in the Posterior View of the Head and Cervical Spine

Answer 21

Neutral position neither tilted nor rotated.

Question 22

Kyphosis

Answer 22

Natural curvature of the thoracic spine toward the back of the body.

Question 23

Lordosis

Answer 23

Natural curvature of the lumbar spine toward the front of the body.

Question 24

Potential Overactive muscles in Lower Crossed Syndrome

Answer 24

Hip flexors
Lumbar extensors
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

Question 25

Potential Under-active Muscles in Lower Crossed Syndrome

Answer 25

Abdominals Gluteus maximus and medius Hamstrings

Question 26

Potential Overactive muscles in Upper Crossed Syndrome

Answer 26

Cervical extensors Pectorals (major and minor) Upper trapezius Levator scapulae

Question 27

Potential Under-active Muscles in Upper Crossed Syndrome

Answer 27

Deep neck flexors Rhomboids Middle and lower trapezius Serratus anterior

Question 28

Potential Overactive muscles in Layered Crossed Syndrome

Answer 28

``` Cervical extensors Pectorals (major and minor) Upper trapezius Levator scapulae Hip flexors Lumbar extensors Gastrocnemius Soleus ```

Question 29

Potential Under-active Muscles in Layered Crossed Syndrome

Answer 29

``` Deep neck flexors Rhomboids Middle and lower trapezius Serratus anterior Anterior abdominals Hip extensors (hamstrings) Gluteus maximus and medius ```

Question 30

Potential Overactive muscles in Lordotic Posture

Answer 30

Hip flexors Internal obliques (upper) Lumbar extensors

Question 31

Potential Under-active Muscles in Lordotic Posture

Answer 31

``` Abdominals (external obliques) Hip extensors (hamstrings) ```

Question 32

Potential Overactive muscles in Flat-back Posture

Answer 32

``` Cervical extensors Pectoralis minor Shoulder adductors Upper trapezius Levator scapulae Anterior abdominals and intercostals Internal obliques (upper and lateral fibers) Hip extensors (hamstrings) ```

Question 33

Potential Under-active muscles in Flat-back Posture

Answer 33

``` Cervical flexors Thoracic extensors Trapezius (middle and lower) Lumbar extensors Hip flexors (psoas) ```

Question 34

Potential Overactive muscles in Sway-back Posture

Answer 34

``` Cervical extensors Upper trapezius Levator scapulae Pectoralis minor Intercostals Abdominals (upper fibers) Internal obliques (upper fibers) Hip extensors (hamstrings) ```

Question 35

Potential Under-active muscles in Sway-back Posture

Answer 35

``` Cervical flexors Thoracic extensors Trapezius (middle and lower) Abdominals (external obliques) Hip flexors (Iliopsoas) ```